Biodiesel. Nzọụkwụ dị mkpa n'ime ọdịnihu

Kedu ihe ejiri mee biodiesel?

Biodiesel bụ ihe na-amasị gburugburu ebe obibi, mmanụ ọzọ enwere ike imepụta site na ebe obibi, isi mmalite dị ka soybean, canola ma ọ bụ mmanụ ihe oriri, yana abụba anụmanụ. Biodiesel enweghị mmanụ ala, mana enwere ike ịgwakọta ya na ụdị mmanụ dizel ọ bụla. Enwere ike iji ngwakọta nke 20% biodiesel na mmanụ dizel 80% mee ihe n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị nrụnye dizel niile. Ngwakọta ọkwa dị ala ndị a n'ozuzu anaghị achọ mgbanwe injin ọ bụla (ewezuga ihe nzacha mmanụ ọkụ, hoses mmanụ na akara na ụdị ụdị mmanụ dizel ochie), mana ngwakọta nwere pasentị dị elu nke biofuels (gụnyere biodiesel dị ọcha) ga-achọ obere mgbanwe.

Biodiesel dị mfe iji, biodegradable, gburugburu ebe obibi enyi na enyi na nwere fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dịghị sọlfọ ma ọ bụ aromatic ogige.

Ụkpụrụ ụwa n'ezie maka ụdị mmanụ ọkụ a na-ajụ bụ ọkọlọtọ European EN 14214. Dị ka ya si kwuo, biodiesel nwere:

1. Akwukwo nri (ọka, soybean, rapeseed, sunflower) ma ọ bụ mmanụ anụmanụ. A naghị anabata iji nkwụ na mmanụ ahụekere, ebe ọ bụ na biodiesel nke sitere na ha adịghị mma dị ka mmanụ dizel oyi.
2. Triglycerides.
3. Monoalkyl esters ma ọ bụ methyl esters nke fatty acids.
4. Ihe ọṅụṅụ na-aba n'anya (ethanol ma ọ bụ isopropanol; methanol na-ejikwa ya na oke oke n'ihi nsị ya).
5. Ihe mgbakwunye a na-apụghị izere ezere n'ụdị ihe nchekwa bụ tertiary butylhydroquinone, dimethylpolysiloxane ma ọ bụ citric acid, nke na-adị mgbe niile na abụba sitere na anụmanụ. Ha adịghị emetụta àgwà biodiesel.

Technology technology

Enwere ike ime biodiesel site na mmanụ oriri ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ n'efu na abụba anụmanụ. Teknụzụ mmepụta biodiesel dị iche iche. A na-enyocha mmanụ na abụba ma mechaa gwọọ ya iji wepụ mmiri na ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ. A na-agwakọta mmanụ na abụba ndị a na-agwọ na mmanya na ihe na-akpali akpali. A na-agbajikwa ụmụ irighiri mmanụ ndị ahụ ma ghọọ methyl esters na glycerin, nke a na-ekewapụ onwe ha ma dị ọcha.

Nzọụkwụ kacha sie ike n'imepụta mmanụ ọkụ bụ nbibi nke ụmụ irighiri acid fatty acid nwere ogologo agbụ nke molekul glycerol jikọtara. Usoro a na-eji ihe na-akpali akpali (lye) na-agbaji molekul glycerol ma jikọta nke ọ bụla n'ime ụdọ acid fatty na mmanya mmanya. N'ihi ya, a na-emepụta monoalkyl ma ọ bụ ethyl esters ma ọ bụ fatty acid esters. N'oge usoro a, transesterification, glycerin na-adaba na ala ma wepụ ya.

Ihe dị ka ọkara nke mmepụta biodiesel nwere ike iji nri nri hydrocarbon ọ bụla nwere abụba nwere abụba, ọbụlagodi ihe na-eme ka ihe ọkụkụ ma ọ bụ mmanu sitere n'okike. Ọkara nke ọzọ na-emepụta biodiesel naanị site na mmanụ nri. Mmanụ soybean bụ nke kachasị n'usoro isiokwu a: enwere oke mmepụta ya n'ụwa, mmepụta ihe njupụta na-enyere aka belata ọnụ ahịa mmanụ a. Ọnụahịa nke biodiesel kwa liter - site na 50 ruo 100 rubles.

Kedu ka esi eme biodiesel n'ụlọ?

Nhọrọ kachasị mfe bụ ịgwakọta mmanụ ihe oriri na mmanụ dizel mgbe niile, ihe mgbaze ma ọ bụ mmanụ ụgbọala. A na-eji ngwakọta dị iche iche, sitere na 10% mmanụ ihe oriri na ngwaahịa mmanụ ala 90% ruo n'ókè dị iche iche. A ghaghị kpoo mmanụ akwụkwọ nri tupu agwakọta ya, mgbe ahụ viscosity ya ga-ebelata na ịgwakọta ga-eme ngwa ngwa.

Na akwụkwọ akụkọ na na webụsaịtị pụrụ iche ị nwere ike ịgụ ndụmọdụ sitere n'aka "ndị omenkà ọdịnala" maka ịgbakwunye ihe ndị dị ka turpentine, naphthalene, xylene ma ọ bụ mmanụ ụgbọala na-enweghị isi. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị ihe a maara banyere mmetụta nke ihe mgbakwunye ndị a na njirimara ọkụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ mmetụta ha na-adịte aka na engine.

Nhọrọ ọzọ a na-anabata bụ ịmepụta biodiesel site na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ dị mkpa, karịsịa ebe ọ bụ na ihe ndị bụ isi - mmanya, alkali, glycerin - nwere ike ịzụta ngwa ngwa n'ụlọ ahịa.

Usoro maka imepụta biodiesel n'ụlọ bụ nke a:

1. Kwadebe akpa transperent nke lita 2 nke plastik na-eguzogide ọgwụ nwere mkpuchi dabara adaba.
2. Otu liter nke mmanụ ihe oriri ọhụrụ, dị ọkụ ruo 55⁰C, wụsa n'ime akpa ma jikọta ya na 200 ml mmanya na-eji blender. Ekwesịrị ime ngwakọta maka nkeji iri abụọ.
3. Jiri nlezianya wụsa na ihe na-akpata - potassium hydroxide (ọkacha mma) ma ọ bụ sodium hydroxide, na gram 5. (maka KOH) ma ọ bụ 3,5 g (maka NaOH) kwa 1 lita. Ịkwesịrị ịgbakwunye mmanya na-egbu egbu na-eji oghere dị iche iche.
4. Mechie akpa ahụ nke ọma ma tụgharịa ya n'ahịrị 5-6 iji mee ka usoro mmeghachi omume dị ngwa. Mgbasa nke alkali nwere ike ịdịru site na nkeji iri na ise (maka KOH) ruo awa 15 (maka NaOH).
5. Mgbe emechara mmeghachi omume ahụ, ị ​​kwesịrị ichere awa 12-20 ọzọ ruo mgbe sedimenti na-agbakọ na ala nke akpa ahụ. Ekwesịrị iwepụ ya nke ọma.

Biodiesel kwadebere na ọhụrụ mmanụ nwere ìhè odo agba. Ọnụ ego ụfọdụ nke turbidity agaghị emetụta àgwà mmanụ ọkụ.

Ngwurugwu