Ọgụ iji Nakajima Ki-44 Shōki, akụkụ 2
Ki-44-II hei (2068), ndị America weghaara na Philippines ma nwalee ya TAIU-SWPA dị ka S11. Na koodu Allied, Ki-44 ka a kpọrọ Tojo na John; E mechara gbahapụ nke ikpeazụ.
Ndị agha Ki-44 "Shoki" pụtara n'ihu na December 1941, ma ndị agha malitere ịkwado ha na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nanị na 1943. Ná mmalite, ebe ndị bụ isi agha ha bụ China na Manchuria. Ná ngwụsị nke 1944, Ki-44 keere òkè na agbachitere Philippines, na ná mmalite nke 1945 - na agbachitere mmanụ ụlọ na Sumatra. N'ime ọnwa ikpeazụ nke agha ahụ, ọrụ bụ isi nke ngalaba Ki-44 bụ ichebe agwaetiti ndị Japan site na mwakpo ikuku sitere na bọmbụ America B-29.
N'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia
Nke mbụ ọgụ nke Imperial Army na-enweta Ki-44 bụ 47th Dokuritsu Chutai (iche squadron), nke e guzobere na Tachikawa na November 1941 n'okpuru iwu nke Shosa (Major) Toshio Sakagawa (mgbe e mesịrị, Ace nke meriri ihe dị ka 15 mmeri). . na akaụntụ ya). Ebumnuche bụ isi nke squadron, nke a na-akpọkarị Shinsengumi (aha Edo period samurai unit nke e kere iji chebe Kyoto) ma ọ bụ Kawasemi-tai ("Kingfisher Group") bụ iji nwalee onye agha ọhụrụ ahụ n'ọnọdụ ọgụ wee nweta ahụmịhe na ya. ojiji ya. Ndị squadron ahụ nwetara ụdị Ki-44 itoolu ma bụrụkwa ndị ọrụ ụgbọ elu nwere ahụmahụ e zigara Hiko Jikkenbu na ngalaba ọgụ. E kewara ya ụzọ atọ (hentai), nke nwere ụgbọ elu atọ na nke ọ bụla.
Otu n'ime ihe ndị ọzọ Ki-44 prototypes (4408) nke 47th Dokuritsu Chūtai na Saigon Airport na Indochina, December 1941. Ụgbọ elu bụ Taii (Captain) Yasuhiko Kuroe, ọchịagha nke 3rd Hentai.
Na Disemba 9, 1941, ụbọchị mgbe Japan malitere ibuso agha na Far East (n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke International Date Line, agha ahụ malitere na Mọnde, Disemba 8), ndị squadron rutere Saigon, ebe ọ nọ na-okpuru ọchịchị ozugbo. iwu nke 3rd Hikoshidan (Air Force division). Na ụgbọ elu si Tachikawa gaa Saigon na ọdịda na Guangzhou, ndị agha Ki-44 na-esonyere ndị na-atụ bọmbụ abụọ na ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu, nke na-ebu nlekọta na ngwá ọrụ ala dị mkpa.
N'ime ọtụtụ ọnwa Disemba, ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu nke 47th Chutai Regiment na-agbagharị na mpaghara gburugburu Saigon. Ọ bụ na Disemba 24 ka e nyere ndị squadron iwu ka ha gaa ọdụ ụgbọ elu Don Mueang dị nso na Bangkok, Thailand, ka ha sonye na nnukwu mwakpo na isi obodo Burmese Yangon n'echi ya. N'oge ụgbọ elu ahụ, Ki-44 atọ (gụnyere Major Sacagawea) mere ọdịda mberede n'ihi nsogbu ọrụ aka. N'ihi ya, na December 25, Ki-44 adịghị ekere òkè na mbuso agha, na-anọgide na Don Muang ebe bụrụ na ndị iro ụgbọelu wakporo ọdụ ụgbọ elu. Ozugbo omume a emebeghị nke ọma, 47 chutai laghachiri na Saigon.
Nzukọ mbụ nke Ki-44 na ndị iro mere na January 15, 1942 n'oge ụgbọ elu mbụ nke 47th Chutai Regiment na Singapore. N'oge a, e zigara squadron ahụ na Kuantan na Malaya, nke dị nso na mpaghara agha ahụ. Na 15 Jenụwarị, opekata mpe Ki-44 abụọ gbara nọmba Buffalo naanị 488. Nke 47 Squadron Royal New Zealand Air Force. Mgbe obere ogbunigwe gasịrị, onye agha Allied ahụ dara n'ala. Nke a bụ mmeri mbụ nke ikuku enwetara na Chutai nke XNUMX.
Ndị Ki-44 nọgidere na Kuantan ruo February, na-ekere òkè n'ọtụtụ agha ndị ọzọ, ma na ndị agha na-alụ ọgụ n'efu na ndị na-ebu bọmbụ, na dịka mkpuchi maka convoys ndị agha. Na 18 Jenụwarị, ka ha na-edu ndị ogbunigwe Ki-21 sitere na Sentai nke iri na abụọ (Air Group) na-awakpo Singapore, ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu nke 12th Chutai Regiment kọrọ na ha gbagburu buffalo ọzọ. N'aka nke ya, na Jenụwarị 47, n'elu Endau, ka ọ na-egbochi mwakpo nke British Vickers Vildebeest na Fairey Albacore bọmbụ, ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri abụọ kọrọ otu ụgbọ elu gbagburu. Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ elu kachasị dị irè nke 26th Chutai bụ Taii (Captain) Yasuhiko Kuroe, bụ onye kọrọ na-agbapụ ụgbọ elu ndị iro atọ na njedebe nke agha na Malaya.
Na Jenụwarị/February 1942, ike squadron belatara ka ọ bụrụ naanị Ki-44 atọ a na-eje ozi, ya mere e kenyere ngalaba ndị ahụ nwa oge Ki-27 atọ tọrọ, ma ziga ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ na Japan maka mbufe ngwa ngwa nke ọtụtụ Ki-44- M ụgbọ elu. N'etiti ọnwa Febụwarị, ejiri ngwa ọhụrụ kwalite, 47th Chutai Regiment e zigara Moulmein na Burma ma debe ya n'okpuru iwu nke 5th Hikoshidan Regiment. Ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu Ki-44 sonyere n'ọtụtụ ọgụ ọgụ, gụnyere mwakpo na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Mingaladon na February 25, na-ekwu na ha agbagburu ụgbọ elu ndị iro abụọ n'agha a. Nke a bụ nkukota ikuku mbụ nke Ki-44 ya na Curtiss P-40 sitere na otu ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo America (AVG). N'agha a, otu n'ime ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ elu Ki-44 merụrụ ahụ. N'echi ya, e meghachiri mwakpo ahụ na Mingaladon.
Na 4 March ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ elu nke 47th Chutai gbagburu No. 45 No. 21 Squadron RAF n'elu Sittang Blenheim. Ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị, e zigara unit ahụ na Hleg (Pegu). Na 47 Maachị squadron ahụ tara ahụhụ nke mbụ na naanị ọgụ ọgụ n'oge a nke agha mgbe Chui (q.v.) Sunji Sugiyama esighị ụgbọ elu nyocha nke ụbọchị na Taungoo laghachi. E mechara hụ mkpọmkpọ ebe ụgbọ elu ya, ebe onye ọkwọ ụgbọ elu ahụ nwụrụ na ọdụ ụgbọ elu, n'akụkụ Basin. Na mbido Eprel, e bufere Chutai nke iri abụọ na ise na Taungoo obere oge. N'April 25, otu izu ka Doolittle Raid gasịrị na Japan, a na-akpọtụrụ ndị agha ahụ ngwa ngwa na Japan. E zigara ngalaba ahụ na Chofu dị nso na Tokyo, ebe ọ dịgidere ruo Septemba 1942.
Ki-44 pụtaghị na Burma ọzọ ruo ọdịda nke 1943. N'October 10, ụgbọ ala anọ nke ụdị a gara na 64th Sentai Regiment, nke guzo na Mingaladon, nke nwere Ki-43. Ọbịbịa ha na Burma nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi mmụba ikuku nke ndị jikọrọ aka na Rangoon na ọdụ ụgbọ elu ya. Ndị agha Ki-43 ji ọdụ Sentai dị na Burma enweghị ike ịlụso ndị ogbunigwe buru ibu ọgụ.
Na November 27, American B-24 Liberators si 7th na 308th Bomb Groups na B-25 Mitchells si 490th Bomb Squadron si 341st BG, nke P-38 Lightnings na-edu site na 459th Fighter Squadron na P-51As Mustang 530 si na 311. Squadron, akụkụ nke 43th Fighter Group, ji ụgbọ elu gaa Rangoon na ebumnuche ịwakpo ọdụ ụgbọ oloko mpaghara na ụlọ ahịa ndozi. Ihe mgbochi nke njem America gụnyere Ki-44 asatọ na otu Ki-3 ndị agha si 64rd Chutai nke 45th Sentai, yana igwe ejima Ki-21 kai sitere na 24st Sentai. Mgbe agha kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ gasịrị, ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu Japan kọrọ B-38 atọ, P-51 abụọ, na anọ P-43 gbagburu. Ọnwụ nke onwe ya bụ naanị otu Ki-44 (nke ọzọ mebiri emebi), otu Ki-45 (gburu onye ọkwọ ụgbọ elu ya) yana opekata mpe otu Ki-XNUMX kai.
Enwere foto ama ama nke mkpọmkpọ ebe Ki-44-II gbadara n'elu Burma nke nwere iberibe akara a na-ahụ anya na ahụ na-egosi na ụgbọ ala ahụ bụ nke Sentai 50. A maara na ngalaba a - mgbe ahụ guzobe na Burma na ndị agha Ki-43 - natara Ki-10 anọ na October 1943, 44. Agbanyeghị, ozi zuru ezu gbasara ojiji ha adịghị. O yikarịrị, Ki-44 nọrọ na Sentai 50 naanị ruo oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1944 (dị ka Sentai 64), na-ekere òkè na ọgụ ọgụ na ụgbọ elu US na-efe efe na Himalayas. N'ime otu n'ime omume ndị a na Jenụwarị 18, 1944, ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ elu Curtiss P-40N sitere na 89th Squadron/80th FG kọrọ, ọkachasị, mebiri otu Ki-44.
