Injin. Ọdịiche dị n'etiti okirikiri Otto na Atkinson

Ruo oge ụfọdụ ugbu a, okwu a na-akpọ "Atkinson Economic cycle engine" aghọwo ihe a na-ahụkarị. Gịnị bụ okirikiri a na gịnị kpatara o ji ebelata oriri mmanụ?

Igwe mmanụ ụgbọ ala anọ na-emekarị taa na-arụ ọrụ nke a na-akpọ okirikiri Otto, nke onye Germany na-emepụta ihe Nikolaus Otto mepụtara na njedebe nke narị afọ nke XNUMX, onye mmepụta nke otu n'ime ihe mbụ na-eme nke ọma na-emegharị ngwa ngwa n'ime ụlọ. Ihe kachasị mkpa nke okirikiri a nwere ọrịa strok anọ mere na mgbanwe abụọ nke crankshaft: ọrịa strok oriri, ọrịa strok, ọrịa strok na-arụ ọrụ na ọrịa strok.

Na mmalite nke ọrịa strok oriri, valvụ oriri na-emepe, site na nke a na-esi na ngwakọta ikuku na-esi na ihe oriri na-esi na ya pụta site n'iweghachite piston. Tupu mmalite nke strok mkpakọ, valvụ oriri na-emechi na piston na-alaghachi n'isi na-agbanye ngwakọta. Mgbe piston rutere n'ọkwa kachasị elu, ngwakọta na-agbanye ọkụ eletrik. Igwe ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na-esi na ya pụta na-agbasa ma na-agbanye piston, na-ebufe ike ya na ya, na mgbe piston dị ka o kwere mee site na isi, valvụ iyuzucha na-emepe. Ọrịa strok na-amalite site na piston nloghachi na-ebupụ gas iyuzucha n'ime cylinder wee banye n'ụdị ikuku.

N'ụzọ dị mwute, ọ bụghị ike niile dị na gas na-ekpochapụ ka a na-eji n'oge strok ike ịkwanye piston (na, site na njikọ njikọ, iji gbanwee crankshaft). Ha ka nọ n'okpuru nrụgide dị elu mgbe valvụ exhalation na-emepe na mmalite nke ọrịa strok ume. Anyị nwere ike ịmụta banyere nke a mgbe anyị na-anụ mkpọtụ ụgbọ ala na-agbaji agbaji na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ntọhapụ nke ike n'ikuku. Nke a bụ ya mere injin mmanụ ụgbọala ọdịnala ji dị naanị ihe dịka pasentị iri atọ na ise na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume ịbawanye strok nke piston na ọrịa strok na-arụ ọrụ ma jiri ike a ...

Echiche a bịara na onye England na-emepụta ihe bụ James Atkinson. N'afọ 1882, o mere engine nke, n'ihi usoro mgbagwoju anya nke ndị na-ebugharị na-ejikọta pistons na crankshaft, strok ike dị ogologo karịa strok mkpakọ. N'ihi ya, na mmalite nke ọrịa strok, nrụgide nke gas na-ekpochapụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nrụgide ikuku, na-eji ike ha eme ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu.

Ndị editọ na -atụ aro:

Efere. Ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na-echere mgbanwe?

Emere n'ụlọ ụzọ oyi ịnya ụgbọ ala

Ntụkwasị obi nwa maka obere ego

Yabụ kedu ihe kpatara ejibeghị echiche Atkinson n'ọtụtụ ebe, kedu ihe kpatara injin mgba ọkụ dị n'ime ji jiri okirikiri Otto na-adịchaghị mma maka ihe karịrị otu narị afọ? E nwere ihe abụọ kpatara ya: otu bụ mgbagwoju anya nke engine Atkinson, na nke ọzọ - na nke ka mkpa - obere ike ọ na-enweta site na nkeji mbugharị.

Otú ọ dị, ka a na-elebawanye anya na oriri mmanụ na mmetụta nke moto na gburugburu ebe obibi, a na-echeta ọrụ dị elu nke engine Atkinson, karịsịa na ọsọ ọsọ. Echiche ya gosipụtara na ọ bụ ihe ngwọta magburu onwe ya, karịsịa na ụgbọ ala ngwakọ, nke igwe eletrik na-akwụ ụgwọ maka enweghị ike, karịsịa mkpa mgbe ịmalite na ngwa ngwa.

Ọ bụ ya mere e ji jiri injin okirikiri Atkinson gbanwetụrụ n'ụgbọ ala ngwakọ mbụ mepụtara ọtụtụ mmadụ, Toyota Prius, wee banye na ngwakọ Toyota na Lexus ndị ọzọ niile.

Kedu ihe bụ okirikiri Atkinson gbanwere? Ngwọta a dị nkọ mere ka injin Toyota jigidere nke ọma, atụmatụ dị mfe nke injinia nwere ọrịa strok anọ, na piston na-aga n'otu ebe dị anya na ọrịa strok ọ bụla, ọrịa strok dị irè dị ogologo karịa strok mkpakọ.

N'ezie, ekwesịrị ikwu n'ụzọ dị iche: okirikiri mkpakọ dị irè dị mkpụmkpụ karịa okirikiri ọrụ. A na-enweta nke a site na igbu oge na-emechi valvụ oriri, nke na-emechi obere oge ka mmalite nke strok mkpakọ. Ya mere, a na-eweghachi akụkụ nke ngwakọta ikuku-mmanụ n'ọtụtụ oriri. Nke a nwere ihe abụọ pụta: ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ikuku gas na-emepụta mgbe a na-agba ya ọkụ dị ntakịrị ma nwee ike gbasaa n'ụzọ zuru ezu tupu mmalite nke ọrịa strok, na-ebufe ike niile na piston, na obere ume achọrọ iji mpikota onu obere ngwakọta, nke. na-ebelata mfu nke engine. N'iji nke a na ihe ngwọta ndị ọzọ, ọgbọ nke anọ Toyota Prius powertrain engine nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma dị ka pasent 41, nke dị na mbụ site na engines diesel.

Ihe mara mma nke ngwọta bụ na igbu oge na-emechi valvụ ndị na-eri nri anaghị achọ mgbanwe nhazi dị ukwuu - o zuru ezu iji usoro eletrik na-achịkwa maka ịgbanwe oge valve.

Ma ọ bụrụ otú ahụ, gịnị kpatara na ọ bụghị nke ọzọ? Ọfọn, n'ezie; ndammana! Emepụtala engines okirikiri ọrụ dị iche iche ruo oge ụfọdụ. Mgbe ọchọrọ ike dị ntakịrị, dịka mgbe ị na-anya n'okporo ụzọ ntụrụndụ, injin na-agba na okirikiri Atkinson maka oriri mmanụ dị ala. Na mgbe a chọrọ ịrụ ọrụ kacha mma - site na ọkụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ na-agafe - ọ na-agbanye na okirikiri Otto, na-eji ike niile dịnụ. Nke a 1,2-liter turbocharged ozugbo injection engine na-eji na Toyota Auris na ọhụrụ Toyota C-HR obodo SUV, ọmụmaatụ. Otu abụọ-liter engine na-eji na Lexus BỤ 200t, GS 200t, NX 200t, RX 200t na RC 200t.