McFREMM - Ndị America ga-edozi mmemme FFG(X).

Nlegharị anya nke FFG(X) dabere na imewe ụgbọ mmiri Italy FREMM. A na-ahụ ọdịiche dị n'ụzọ doro anya ma na-emetụta ọdịdị nke elu tiers nke superstructures, nke a na-etinye antennas atọ nke ọdụ AN / SPY-6 (V) 3, mast ọhụrụ, yiri nke a maara site na Arleigh Burke. e debere ndị na-ebibi ihe, rọketi na ngwá agha ogbunigwe.

N'April 30, Ngalaba Nchebe nke United States dechara ihe nrịbama mba ụwa maka nhọrọ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke ga-emepụta ma wuo ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ngwa agha agha, nke a maara dị ka FFG (X), maka ndị agha mmiri US. A na-eme mmemme a n'ụdị na-abụghị nke ndị America n'ezie site na mmepụta nke nsụgharị Arleigh Burke na-esote ya. Mkpebi ahụ n'onwe ya bụ ihe ijuanya, ebe ọ bụ na ihe ndabere maka ịmepụta FFG (X) n'ọdịnihu ga-abụ nsụgharị Italian nke European multi-purpose frigate FREMM.

Mkpebi FFG (X), nke a na-atụ anya na ọkara mbụ nke afọ a, bụ nsonaazụ nke mmemme awara awara - maka eziokwu taa. Mịnịstrị na-ahụ maka nchekwa kwupụtara obi maka mmejuputa atumatu ọrụ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ọgbọ ọhụrụ na Nọvemba 7, 2017, yana na February 16, 2018, ndị mmadụ ise bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha natara kacha nke $ 21,4 nde iji kwadebe akwụkwọ ndị dị mkpa ruo mgbe onye ahịa na-eme nhọrọ ikpeazụ nke ikpo okwu. N'ihi mkpa arụmọrụ, yana ụgwọ ọrụ, ndị America hapụrụ mmepe nke nrụnye ọhụrụ kpamkpam. Ndị so na ya kwesịrị ịdabere n'echiche ha n'ihe owuwu dị ugbu a.

Nhazi ọzọ nke kọntinent ochie na asọmpi maka ikpo okwu FFG (X) bụ ụgbọ mmiri Spanish Álvaro de Bazán, nke General Dynamics Bath Iron Works gosipụtara. N'okwu a, a na-eji ngwaọrụ ndị yiri ya eme ihe, bụ nke sitere na usoro ọgụ nke onye ahịa kwadoro.

Ndepụta ndị asọmpi gụnyere otu ndị a:

• • Austal USA (onye isi, ụgbọ mmiri), General Dynamics (ọgụ sistemu integrator, imewe onye nnọchi anya), ikpo okwu - a gbanwetụrụ oru ngo nke multi-nzube ụgbọ mmiri nke LCS Indenpedence ụdị;
  • Fincantieri Marinette Marine (onye isi, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri), Gibbs & Cox (onye na-ahụ maka imewe), Lockheed Martin (onye na-ahụ maka sistemu ọgụ), ikpo okwu - ụdị frigate FREMM dabara na ihe ndị America chọrọ;
  • General Dynamics Bath Iron Work (ndú, shipyard), Raytheon (ọgụ usoro integrator), Navantia (project soplaya), n'elu ikpo okwu - Álvaro de Bazán-klas frigate emegharị ka American chọrọ;
  • Huntington Ingalls Industries (onye isi, ebe ụgbọ mmiri), ikpo okwu - nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri patrol gbanwetụrụ Akụkọ mgbe ochie;
  • Lockheed Martin (onye isi), Gibbs & Cox (onye na-ahụ maka imewe), Marinette Marine (ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri), ikpo okwu - ụgbọ mmiri nwere ọtụtụ ebumnuche LCS nwere nnwere onwe gbanwetụrụ.

N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, na 2018, nhọrọ nke iji German thyssenkrupp Marine Systems dị ka ikpo okwu maka MEKO A200 oru ngo, yana British BAE Systems Ụdị 26 (nke dị ugbu a natara iwu na UK, Canada na Australia) na Iver Huitfield Odense. Teknụzụ Maritime na nkwado nke gọọmentị Danish, tụlere.

Asọmpi na mmemme FFG (X) kere ọnọdụ na-atọ ụtọ. Ndị mmekọ mmemme LCS (Lockheed Martin na Fincantieri Marinette Marine) na-ewuli nnwere onwe na ụdị mbupụ ya nke Multi-Mission Surface Combatant maka Saudi Arabia (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka klas Saud) guzoro n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke mgbochi ahụ. O kwere omume na ọnọdụ a - ọ bụchaghị uru maka onye ahịa - bụ otu n'ime ihe butere mwepụ nke otu Lockheed Martin na asọmpi ahụ, nke ekwuputara na Mee 28, 2019. N'ihu ọha, ihe kpatara nzọụkwụ a bụ iji nyochaa ihe achọrọ nke Ngalaba Nchebe, nke nwere ike izute ya site na nnukwu ụdị ụgbọ mmiri nke nnwere onwe. N'agbanyeghị nke a, Lockheed Martin akwụsịghị ọkwa onye na-eweta ngwaahịa na mmemme FFG(X), dịka ndị agha mmiri US họpụtara ya dị ka onye na-ebubata ihe ma ọ bụ sistemu nke nkeji ọhụrụ ga-enye.

N'ikpeazụ, site na mkpebi nke Ministry of Defense na Eprel 30, 2020, e nyere Fincantieri Marinette Marine mmeri ahụ. Ebe ụgbọ mmiri dị na Marinette, Wisconsin, onye enyemaka nke Manitowoc Marine Group, bụ onye na-arụ ụgbọ mmiri Fincantieri zụtara n'aka ya na 2009. Ọ bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta bụ isi nde $795,1 na Eprel maka imewe na iwu nke frigate prototype, FFG(X). Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-agụnye nhọrọ maka nkeji itoolu ọzọ, iji ya mee ihe ga-abawanye uru nke nkwekọrịta ahụ na ijeri $ 5,5. Ọrụ niile, gụnyere nhọrọ, kwesịrị ịrụcha ya na Mee 2035. Owuwu nke ụgbọ mmiri mbụ kwesịrị ịmalite n'April 2022, a na-ahazi ọrụ ya maka Eprel 2026.

Ọ bụ ezie na otu n'ime ha ga-erite uru site na oge a na-ahapụ ụlọ ọrụ mba ọzọ ka ha sonye, ​​mkpebi nke Ngalaba Nchebe wee bụrụ ihe a na-atụghị anya ya. Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke US Navy, e nwere ole na ole ikpe nke nrigbu nke ụgbọ mmiri e mere na mba ndị ọzọ, ma ọ bara uru icheta na nke a bụ ihe atụ ọzọ nke US-Italian imekọ ihe n'oké osimiri n'oge na-adịghị anya. Na 1991-1995, na ụlọ mmepụta ihe nke Litton Avondale Industries na New Orleans na Intermarine USA na Savannah, e wuru 12 Osprey composite mi ebibi dị ka oru ngo nke Italian units nke ụdị Lerici, mepụtara site na Intermarine shipyard na Sarzana nso La Spezia. . Ha jere ozi ruo 2007, mgbe ahụ, a tụfuru ọkara n'ime ha, wee ree ha abụọ na Gris, Egypt na Republic of China.

N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, ọ dịghị otu n'ime òtù ndị na-efunahụ ha họọrọ itinye akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị US Accountability Office (GAO). Nke a pụtara na enwere ike dị elu na a ga-ezute usoro ihe owuwu ihe atụ. Dị ka ozi sitere n'aka ndị jikọtara ya na Secretary nke Navy (SECNAV) Richard W. Spencer, kagburu na November 24, 2019, unit's prototype kwesịrị ịkpọ USS Agility na nwere tactical nọmba FFG 80. Otú ọ dị, anyị ga-echere. maka ozi gọọmentị gbasara isiokwu a.

Ụgbọ mmiri ọhụrụ maka ndị agha mmiri US

Iwu maka ụdị ụgbọ mmiri ụgbọ mmiri ọhụrụ sitere n'aka ndị agha mmiri US bụ nsonaazụ nyocha nke gosipụtara na nnwale nke ụgbọ mmiri nwere ọtụtụ ebumnuche reconfigurable LCS (Littoral Combat Ships) emeghị nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, dị ka mkpebi nke Ministry of Defense si kwuo, a ga-arụcha ihe owuwu ha na nkeji 32 (16 nke ụdị abụọ ahụ), nke naanị 28 ga-arụ ọrụ. Ndị America na-elebawanye anya na nkwụsị nke mbụ nke anọ (Freedom). , Independence, Fort Worth na Coronado , "relegated" na ọrụ nke nkeji na-etinye aka na nyocha na mmepe) ma na-enye ha ndị mmekọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na usoro maka akwụkwọ nchebe ngafe (EDA).

Ihe kpatara nke a bụ nchọpụta arụmọrụ, bụ nke kwuru n'ụzọ doro anya na LCS agaghị enwe ike iji onwe ya rụọ ọrụ agha ma ọ bụrụ na esemokwu zuru oke (atụ anya, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Far East), na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu. nke Arleigh-Burke-klas mbibi ka dị mkpa ka agbakwunyere. Dị ka akụkụ nke mmemme FFG (X), ndị agha mmiri US na-ezube inweta ụdị ngwa ọgụ ọhụrụ 20. A ga-azụta nke mbụ site na mmefu ego FY2020-2021, na site na 2022, usoro ntinye ego kwesịrị inye ohere maka iwu nke nkeji ole na ole kwa afọ. Dị ka atụmatụ mbụ ahụ si dị, e depụtara n'oge mbipụta nke atụmatụ mmefu ego maka afọ 2019, na mbido mbụ a ga-ebuga ha (nke ọzọ) na ntọala ndị dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ nke United States. Na mgbakwunye, ọ dịkarịa ala abụọ n'ime ha ga-akwadorịrị na Japan.

Ọrụ bụ isi nke FFG (X) bụ ịrụ ọrụ onwe ya na oke osimiri na oke osimiri, yana omume na otu mba na ndị mmekọ. N'ihi nke a, ọrụ ha gụnyere: ichebe convoys, ịlụ ọgụ elu na n'okpuru mmiri, na n'ikpeazụ, ike iwepụ ihe iyi egwu asymmetric.

Ụgbọ mmiri ga-emerịrị ọdịiche dị n'etiti obere LCS na ndị na-ebibi ihe. Ha ga-ewere ọnọdụ ha n'usoro ụgbọ mmiri mgbe nkeji ikpeazụ nke klaasị a gasịrị - klaasị Oliver Hazard Perry, nke kwụsịrị ọrụ ha na US Navy na 2015. Ekwesịrị imesi ya ike na atụmatụ ebumnuche na-agụnye usoro nke nkeji iri abụọ, ma n'afọ a, a na-ekewa ya na nkeji abụọ nke 20. Ma eleghị anya, nke a pụtara na n'ime afọ ndị na-abịanụ, Ministry of Defense ga-akpọsa obi ụtọ nke abụọ ịhọrọ onye ọzọ na-ebubata ya. frigates fọdụrụnụ nke ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ ma ọ bụ onye ọrụ nkwekọrịta ọzọ maka ụgbọ mmiri na-aga ọrụ Fincantieri / Gibbs & Cox ntọala.

FREMM ndị America ọzọ

Mkpebi Eprel welitere ajụjụ dị mkpa - kedu ka ụgbọ mmiri FFG(X) ga-adị ka? N'ihi usoro mmeghe nke ndị ọchịchị America, na-ebipụta akụkọ na-ebipụta akụkọ banyere mmemme ọgbara ọhụrụ nke ndị agha, ụfọdụ ozi amaralarị ọha na eze. N'ihe gbasara nkewa ndị a kọwara, akwụkwọ dị mkpa bụ mkpesa nke US Congress nke Mee 4, 2020.

Ụgbọ mmiri FFG(X) ga-adabere na ngwọta ndị a na-eji na ụdị Italian nke klas FREMM. Ha ga-enwe ogologo nke 151,18 m, obosara nke 20 m na mpempe akwụkwọ nke 7,31 m. Ekpebiri nchụpụ a dum na 7400 tọn (n'ihe banyere ụdị OH Perry - 4100 tọn). Nke a pụtara na ha ga-ebu ibu karịa protoplasts, nke na-atụ 144,6 m ma kwaga tọn 6700. Nlere anya na-egosikwa na enweghị bọlbụ na-ekpuchi antenna sonar hull. Eleghị anya n'ihi na a ga-adọkpụrụ isi sistemụ sonar. Ihe owuwu nke ihe mgbakwunye ga-adịkwa iche, nke a na-ejikọta ya na iji ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị na usoro dị iche iche, karịsịa isi ọdụ radar.

A ga-ahazi usoro mbanye nke nkeji ya na sistemụ combustion nke CODLAG (jikọtara mmanụ dizel-eletrik na gas), nke ga-ekwe ka oke ọsọ karịa 26 mara mgbe agbanyere gas turbine na ma igwe eletriki abụọ. N'ihe banyere iji ọnọdụ akụ na ụba naanị na igwe eletriki eletrik, ọ kwesịrị ịbụ ihe karịrị akara 16. Uru atụmatụ nke usoro CODLAG bụ ụda ụda dị ala nke na-eme mgbe ị na-anya ụgbọ ala eletrik, nke ga-adị mkpa mgbe ị na-achọ na ịlụso ụgbọ mmiri agha ọgụ. . Achọpụtara njem ụgbọ mmiri na ọsọ akụ na ụba nke 16 knots na 6000 nautical miles na-enweghị mmanụ ụgbọala n'oké osimiri.