Agha ndị agha mmiri maka Guadalcanal akụkụ 2
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Agha ndị agha mmiri maka Guadalcanal akụkụ 2

27.07.2022 /

Otu n'ime ụgbọ agha America ọhụrụ, USS Washington, bụ ụgbọ agha Japan meriri Kirishima na Agha nke Abụọ nke Guadalcanal na November 15, 1942.

Mgbe e jidere ọdụ ụgbọ elu Guadalcanal, ndị ụgbọ mmiri Amerịka gbasiri ike gburugburu ya, na-enweghị ike zuru ezu na ụzọ iji weghara agwaetiti ahụ. Mgbe ụgbọ mmiri ndị Amerịka pụọ ​​na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, ndị Marines hapụrụ naanị ha. N'ọnọdụ a, akụkụ abụọ ahụ gbalịrị ime ka ndị agha ha dị ike n'àgwàetiti ahụ, nke mere ka e nwee ọtụtụ agha mmiri. Ha ji chioma dị iche iche lụọ ọgụ, mana n'ikpeazụ, mgba ahụ ogologo oge wee baara ndị America uru. Ọ bụghị maka nguzozi nke mfu, mana na ha ekweghị ka ndị Japan tụfuo Guadalcanal ọzọ. Ndị agha mmiri na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na nke a.

Mgbe Kontradm na-ebufe pụọ. Turner, ndị Marines nọ naanị na Guadalcanal. Nsogbu kasịnụ n'oge ahụ bụ enweghị ike ibutu 155-mm howitzer squadron nke 11th Marine Regiment (Artillery) na 127-mm egbe ogbunigwe n'ụsọ oké osimiri sitere na 3rd Defensive Division. Ugbu a, otu n'ime ọrụ mbụ bụ ịmepụta ebe kwụsiri ike n'akụkụ ọdụ ụgbọ elu (na warara na obosara nke ihe dị ka kilomita 9) ma mee ka ọdụ ụgbọ elu banye ọnọdụ ọrụ. Echiche ahụ bụ itinye ndị agha ikuku n'àgwàetiti ahụ, nke ga-eme ka ọ ghara ikwe omume ịkwado ndị agha Japan ma kpuchie ụgbọ njem nke ha na-aga Guadalcanal.

Mgbanwe maka ndị agha ikuku America n'ọdịnihu n'àgwàetiti ahụ (nke a na-akpọ Cactus Air Force, ebe ndị America na-akpọ Guadalcanal "Cactus") bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị Japan na mpaghara Rabaul nke New Britain. Mgbe agha America wakporo Guadalcanal, ndị Japan welitere 25th Air Flotilla na Rabaul, bụ nke 26th Air Flotilla ga-anọchi ya. Mgbe mbata nke ikpeazụ ahụ gasịrị, a na-emeso ya dị ka onye nkwado, ọ bụghị dị ka ntọhapụ. Ihe mejupụtara nke ụgbọ elu na Rabaul gbanwere, ma na October 1942, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe mejupụtara ya bụ ndị a:

  • 11. Ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu, Vice Adm. Nishizo Tsukahara, Rabaul;
  • 25th Air Flotilla (Onye isi maka Logistics Sadayoshi Hamada): Tainan Air Group - 50 Zero 21, Tōkō Air Group - 6 B5N Kate, 2nd Air Group - 8 Zero 32, 7 D3A Val;
  • 26th Air Flotilla (Vice Admiral Yamagata Seigo): Misawa Air Group - 45 G4M Betty, 6th Air Group - 28 Zero 32, 31st Air Group - 6 D3A Val, 3 G3M Nell;
  • 21. Air Flotilla (Rinosuke Ichimaru): 751. Air Group - 18 G4M Betty, Yokohama Air Group - 8 H6K Mavis, 3 H8K Emily, 12 A6M2-N Rufe.

Ndị agha ala Japan nke Imperial nwere ike itinye aka na Guadalcanal bụ ndị agha nke 17, nke Lieutenant General Harukichi Hyakutake nyere iwu. Ọchịagha Hyakutake, mgbe ọ ka bụ onye isi ndị agha, bụ onye na-eso ndị agha Japan na Warsaw site na 1925-1927. O mechara jee ozi na ndị agha Kwantung ma mechaa nweta ọkwa dị iche iche na Japan. Na 1942, iwu nke 17th Army ya dị na Rabaul. O nyere iwu nke 2nd Infantry Division "Sendai" na Philippines na Java, 38th Infantry Division "Nagoya" na Sumatra na Borneo, 35th Infantry Brigade na Palau na 28th Infantry Regiment (site na 7th Infantry Division) na Truk. . Ka e mesịrị, e hiwere ndị agha 18 ọhụrụ iji rụọ ọrụ na New Guinea.

Adm. Isoroku Yamamoto malitekwara ịchịkọta ndị agha itinye aka na mpaghara Solomon. Nke mbụ, e zigara 2nd Fleet na New Britain n'okpuru iwu Vice Adm. Nobutake Kondo, nke mejupụtara squadron nke anọ nke ụgbọ mmiri (flagship heavy cruiser Atago na ejima Takao na Maya) n'okpuru iwu ozugbo nke Vice Admiral. Kondo na 4th cruiser squadron (arọ ụgbọ mmiri Myoko na Haguro) n'okpuru iwu Vice Adm. Takeo Takagi. Ndị njem nbibi nke anọ bụ Flotilla duuru ụgbọ mmiri dị arọ ise ahụ n'okpuru iwu Kontrad. Tamotsu Takama nọ n'ụgbọ mmiri ụgbọ mmiri Yura. Flotilla gụnyere ndị mbibi Kuroshio, Oyashio, Hayashio, Minegumo, Natsugumo na Asagumo. Agbakwunyela onye na-ebu ụgbọ mmiri Chitose na ndị otu ahụ. Akpọrọ ihe niile dị ka "iwu dị elu".

Kama itinye uche n'ikike ndị agha mmiri n'otu otu siri ike, ma ọ bụ otu na-arụ ọrụ na njikọ chiri anya, nso ya, adm. Yamamoto kewara ụgbọ mmiri ahụ n'ọtụtụ ụzọ aghụghọ, ndị kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ n'onwe ha, n'ebe dị anya site na ibe ha. Nkewa ahụ adịghị arụ ọrụ na Coral Sea, ọ naghị arụ ọrụ na Midway, ọ naghị arụ ọrụ na Guadalcanal. Kedu ihe kpatara njikọ dị otú ahụ na ozizi ọdịnala nke mgbasa nke ndị agha iro? Eleghị anya n'ihi na ndị ọchịagha ugbu a kwalitere ya tupu agha ahụ ma gbaa ma ndị isi na ndị nọ n'okpuru ume ka ha soro ya. Hà na-ekweta ugbu a na ha ezighị ezi? E kewara ụgbọ mmiri ahụ n'ime akụkụ iji "gbagwojuru" ndị iro na ịdọpụ uche ndị agha ha, na-eji usoro dị otú ahụ pụtara na ndị otu n'otu n'otu nwere ike ibibi ngwa ngwa na mwakpo ndị ọzọ.

Ọ bụ n'ihi nke a, na mgbakwunye na "otu ndị na-aga n'ihu", otu "ndị na-aga n'ihu" n'okpuru iwu nke counterattack (nke a maara dị ka "Kido Butai") kewapụrụ na ndị isi agha. Hiroaki Abe. Isi iwu nke a bụ ụgbọ mmiri abụọ ahụ, Hiei (ọkọlọtọ) na Kirishima, nke onye ụgbọ mmiri na-ebu ụgbọ elu Chikuma nke 8th Cruiser Squadron na-edu. Otu a tinyekwara squadron cruiser nke asaa, nke ndị azụ rad nyere iwu. Shoji Nishimura na oké cruisers Kumano na Suzuya na 7th Destroer Flotilla n'okpuru iwu nke Counterrad. Susumu Kimura: ọkụ ụgbọ mmiri Nagara na ndị mbibi Nowaki, Maikaze na Tanikaze.

Ndị isi agha Kido Butai n'okpuru iwu Vice Adm. Chuichi Nagumo gụnyere ụgbọ mmiri nke atọ n'okpuru iwu ya kpọmkwem: ndị na-ebu ụgbọ elu Shokaku na Zuikaku, ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu Ryujo, ndị ọzọ nke 3th cruiser squadron - ụgbọ mmiri na-ebu ụgbọ mmiri na ndị na-ebibi ihe (nke fọdụrụ nke 8th flotilla): "Kazagumo", "Yugumo", "Akigumigumo". , Kamigumigumo Hatsukaze, Akizuki, Amatsukaze na Tokitsukaze. Enwere otu abụọ ọzọ, "otu nkwado" nke ụgbọ agha "Mutsu" n'okpuru iwu Captain Mutsu, com. Teijiro Yamazumi, nke gụnyekwara ndị mbibi atọ "Harusame", "Samidare" na "Murasame", yana "otu ndabere" n'okpuru iwu onwe onye adm. Isoroku Yamamoto, nke nwere ụgbọ agha Yamato, onye na-ebu ụgbọ elu Junyō, onye na-ebu ụgbọ elu Taiyo, na ndị mbibi abụọ ahụ Akebono na Ushio.

Emepụtara onye na-ebu ụgbọ elu Junyō ​​site na iwughachi ụgbọ mmiri Kashiwara Maru tupu emechaa ya. N'otu aka ahụ, e wuru otu ụgbọ elu Hiy n'akpa nke ejima liner Izumo Maru, nke zụtakwara mgbe a na-ewu ya n'aka onye nwe ụgbọ mmiri Nippon Yusen Kaisha. Ebe ọ bụ na nkeji ndị a adịchaghị ngwa ngwa (ihe na-erughị narị afọ nke 26), a naghị ele ha anya dị ka ndị na-ebu ụgbọ elu, ọ bụ ezie na ha buru ibu maka ndị na-ebu ụgbọ elu (ihe karịrị tọn 24).

Otú ọ dị, nke a abụghị ihe niile, n'ihi na ọrụ nke ibuga convoys na nkwado na ihe oriri na Guadalcanal e kenyere ọzọ ìgwè - 8th Fleet n'okpuru iwu nke Vice Adm. Gunichi Mikawa. Ọ gụnyere ozugbo nke nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri Chōkai na 6th Cruiser Squadron n'okpuru iwu Kontrrad. Aritomo Goto ya na nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri Aoba, Kinugasa na Furutaka. Ndị mbibi sitere na Flotilla nke abụọ nke mbibi kpuchiri ha n'okpuru iwu nke Kontrad. Raizō Tanaka ya na onye na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri Jintsu na ndị mbibi Suzukaze, Kawakaze, Umikaze, Isokaze, Yayoi, Mutsuki na Uzuki. Ejikọtara ike a site na ụgbọ mmiri anọ na-edugharị (Ọnụ 2, 1, 2 na 34), bụ ndị e wughachiri ndị mbibi ochie, na egbe abụọ 35 mm na egbe abụọ mgbochi ụgbọ elu na ụgwọ miri emi na-adaba nke ọ bụla.

Nke a bụ 8th Vice Admiral nke Fleet. E kenyere Mikawi ka ọ wepụta 28th Infantry Regiment n'okpuru iwu nke Colonel F. Kiyonao Ichika na Guadalcanal. E kewara ndị agha ahụ ụzọ abụọ. Nkewa dị iche iche nke ndị agha, nke nwere ndị ọrụ 916 na ndị agha nke Colonel V. Ichiki, n'isi, kwesịrị iburu ndị na-ebibi ihe isii n'okpuru mkpuchi nke abalị: Kagero, Hagikaze, Arashi, Tanikaze, Hamakaze na Urakaze. N'aka nke ya, ndị njem abụọ, Boston Maru na Daifuku Maru ga-ebufe ndị fọdụrụ n'ime ndị agha ahụ (ihe dị ka ndị ikom 700 gbakwunyere ọtụtụ ngwá ọrụ dị arọ) na Guadalcanal, bụ ndị na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri Jintsu na ndị nche abụọ, Nọmba 34 na 35. Ụgbọ njem nke atọ, Kinryū Maru, bu ihe dị ka ndị agha 800 si na Yokosuka 5th Marine Division. Na mkpokọta, e bugara mmadụ 2400 na Guadalcanal site na Truk Island, na 8th Fleet gara dị ka onye njem ogologo oge. Agbanyeghị, adm niile. Yamamoto ga-enye mkpuchi ọzọ mgbe ọchịagha ndị Japan tụrụ anya ịdọta ndị America n'ime agha ọzọ dị mkpa ma laghachi azụ n'azụ Midway.

Ndị agha adm. Yamamota hapụrụ Japan na August 13, 1942. Obere oge ka e mesịrị, ụgbọ njem si Truk hapụrụ iji hazie ọrụ ahụ dum, nke ndị Japan kpọrọ "Operation Ka".

Ọdịda nke Ọrụ Ka

N'August 15, 1942, ụgbọ mmiri ndị America rutere na Guadalcanal maka oge mbụ kemgbe ọdịda ahụ. N'ezie, ọ bụ naanị ndị mbibi anọ ka a gbanwere n'ime ụgbọ njem: USS Colhoun, USS Little, USS Gregory na USS McKean, ma ha wetara ihe mbụ dị mkpa iji hazie ọdụ ụgbọ elu na Lunga Point (Henderson Field). Enwere barel mmanụ 400, barel 32 mmanụ mmanu, bọmbụ 282 na-eru 45-227 n'arọ, akụkụ mapụtara na ngwaọrụ ọrụ.

Otu ụbọchị ka e mesịrị, Oite ochie nke Japan na-ebibi ihe nyere ndị agha 113 na ihe oriri maka ndị agha Japan nke agwaetiti ahụ, nke gụnyere ndị enyemaka ụgbọ mmiri, ndị agha na-ewu ụlọ, na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ịrịba ama nke ndị ohu Korea bụ ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ dị ka ndị na-agbachitere agwaetiti ahụ. Ndị ụgbọ mmiri Japan, gụnyere ihe fọdụrụ nke Kure's 3rd Marine Group na ndị ọhụrụ bịarutere nke Yokosuka's 5th Marine Group, nọ n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke isi osimiri America na Henderson Field. Ndị agha ala Japan, n'ụzọ dị iche, wusiri ike n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke isi mmiri.

N'August 19, ndị na-ebibi ndị Japan atọ, Kagero, Hagikaze, na Arashi, gbara ndị Marines US ọkụ na ndị America enweghị nzaghachi. Enwebeghị mgbọ ogbunigwe 127 mm akwadoro n'akụkụ mmiri. Mgbe ahụ, otu oche B-17 sitere na 11th Espiritu Santo Bombardment Group, nke Major J. James Edmundson mere. Naanị onye dị njikere ịfefe ugbu a. O si n’ịdị elu dị ihe dị ka mita 1500 tụnye ọtụtụ bọmbụ n’ebe ndị Japan na-ebibi ihe, na, n’ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, otu n’ime bọmbụ ndị a kụrụ! Akụbara onye mbibi Hagikaze n'azụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri isi

cal. 127 mm bombu - 227 n'arọ.

Bọmbụ ahụ bibiri turret, idei mmiri rikpuo ihe mgboagha ahụ, mebie okporo ụzọ ahụ ma mebie otu ihe nkedo, belata ọsọ onye mbibi ahụ ruo 6 V. N'ịbụ ndị e gburu 33 na mmadụ 13 merụrụ ahụ, Hagikaze duru Arashi gaa Truk, bụ́ ebe e meziri ya. Agbapụ ahụ kwụsịrị. Major Edmundson jere ije nke ukwuu n'ụsọ osimiri dị na Henderson Field wee sị nke ọma na mkpu nke ndị Marines.

N'August 20, ụgbọ elu mbụ rutere Henderson Field: 19 F4F Wildcats sitere na VMF-223, nke Capt. F. John L. Smith nyere iwu, na 12 SBD Dauntless sitere na VMSB-232, nke onye isi nyere iwu. Richard S. Mangrum. Ụgbọ elu ndị a si n'ụgbọelu ụgbọelu USS Long Island (CVE-1), ụgbọelu ụgbọelu mbụ na-ebuga America pụọ. N’abalị ahụ, mwakpo nke ihe dị ka ndị agha Japan 850 nọ n’okpuru iwu nke Colonel S. Ichiki, bụ́ onye ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mbibi zuru ezu nke ndị agha Japan jụrụ oyi. N'ime ndị agha 916 gbagburu nke 28th Infantry Regiment, naanị 128 lanarịrị.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụgbọ mmiri ndị Japan nọ na-abịaru nso Guadalcanal. N'August 20, ụgbọ mmiri na-efe efe nke Japan hụrụ USS Long Island wee chefuo ya maka onye na-ebu ụgbọ elu nke ọdụ ụgbọ elu US. Otu ụgbọ mmiri atọ gbasiri ike butere mwakpo nke ndị agha Japan duziri. E nyere Raizo Tanaka iwu ka ọ tụgharịa n'ebe ugwu iji bute ụgbọ elu America na mpaghara ndị agha Rabaul. Site n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, n'aka nke ọzọ, ụgbọ mmiri ndị America na-ebufe USS Fomalhaut (AKA-5) na USS Alhena (AKA-9) na-eduzi kpọmkwem nke ndị na-ebibi USS Blue (DD-387), USS Henley (DD-391). . ) na USS Helm na-abịaru nso Guadalcanal (DD-388). Agbanyeghị, nke kachasị mkpa, mkpuchi n'efu nke convoy ahụ nwere otu egwu egwu atọ n'okpuru iwu nkwonkwo Vice Adm. Frank "Jack" Fletcher.

O nyere iwu USS Saratoga (CV-3), onye na-ebu ụgbọ elu Task Force 11, na-ebu 28 F4F (VF-5), 33 SBDs (VB-3 na VS-3) na 13 TBF Avengers (VT-8). Ndị na-ebu ụgbọ elu USS Minneapolis (CA-36) na USS New Orleans (CA-32) na ndị mbibi USS Phelps (DD-360), USS Farragut (DD-348), USS Worden (DD-352) duru ụgbọ elu ahụ. ). , USS Macdonough (DD-351) na USS Dale (DD-353).

Òtù nke abụọ nke Task Force 16 n'okpuru iwu Counterradm. A haziri Thomas C. Kincaid gburugburu ụgbọ elu USS Enterprise (CV-6). N'ime ụgbọ ahụ bụ 29 F4F (VF-6), 35 SBD (VB-6, VS-5) na 16 TBF (VT-3). TF-16 kpuchie: ụgbọ agha ọhụrụ USS North Carolina (BB-55), nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri USS Portland (CA-33), ụgbọ mmiri mgbochi ụgbọ elu USS Atlanta (CL-51) na ndị mbibi USS Balch (DD- 363), USS Maury (DD-401), USS Ellet (DD-398), USS Benham (DD-397), USS Grayson (DD-435), na USS Monssen (DD-436).

Ndị otu nke atọ nke Task Force 18 n'okpuru iwu Counterrad. A haziri Lee H. Noyes gburugburu ụgbọ elu USS Wasp (CV-7). Ọ na-ebu 25 F4F (VF-71), 27 SBD (VS-71 na VS-72), 10 TBF (VT-7) na otu J2F Duck amphibious. Ndị njem ụgbọ mmiri USS San Francisco (CA-38) na USS Salt Lake City (CA-25), ụgbọ mmiri mgbochi ụgbọ elu USS Juneau (CL-52) na ndị mbibi USS Farenholt (DD-491), USS bu ndị njem. Aaron. Ward (DD-483), USS Buchanan (DD-484), USS Lang (DD-399), USS Stack (DD-406), USS Sterett (DD-407) na USS Selfridge (DD-357).

Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ụgbọ elu ndị bịarutere ọhụrụ nọ na Gaudalcanal, ndị agha bọmbụ 11 (25 B-17E / F) na 33 PBY-5 Catalina nwere VP-11, VP-14, VP-23 na VP-72 nọ na Espiritu. . Santo.

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