Ebumnuche, malfunctions na nrụzi nke steering gia VAZ 2107
Ihe
Ntugharị dị na ụgbọ ala niile, n'agbanyeghị klaasị na afọ arụpụtara. Ngwaọrụ ahụ ga-adịrịrị n'ọnọdụ dị mma mgbe niile yana anabataghị mgbanwe maka ya. Na VAZ 2107 na ụdị Zhiguli ndị ọzọ a ma ama, etinyere kọlụm ụdị irighiri, nke chọrọ nyocha oge ma rụkwaa mgbe ụfọdụ.
Steering gia VAZ 2107 - a nkenke nkọwa
Usoro nhazi nke VAZ "asaa" nwere nhazi dị mgbagwoju anya, nke na-enye njikwa ụgbọ ala a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na ọnọdụ ụgbọ ala dị iche iche. A na-enye steeịnụ ihe ọmụma dị mma, nke na-ewepụ ike ọgwụgwụ nke ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala mgbe ị na-eme njem dị anya. Mgbe ị na-atụgharị steering n'ụgbọ ala kwụ ọtọ, enwere ụfọdụ ihe isi ike. Otú ọ dị, ozugbo ụgbọ ala ahụ malitere ịkwagharị, steer na-esiwanye ike ma njikwa ahụ na-akawanye mma.
Usoro nhazi ahụ nwere otu nuance - ntakịrị azụ azụ, nke bụ ụkpụrụ. A na-akọwa nke a site na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke akụkụ na gearbox na ọnụnọ nke mkpanaka. Mgbe emezigharịrị ọhụrụ, etinyere kọlụm nchekwa na VAZ 2107, nke nwere ogwe ihe mejupụtara. Nhazi ya nwere nkwonkwo abụọ nke cardan, nke na-ekwe ka ogwe osisi ahụ gbanye n'ime ihe mberede. N'ụzọ dị otú a, a na-ewepụ mmerụ ahụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala.
Ngwaọrụ nbelata ngwo ihe
Tupu ịga n'ihu na nrụzi nke kọlụm ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri, ịkwesịrị ịmara onwe gị na ngwaọrụ ya, yana ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ. Nhazi ahụ nwere isi ihe ndị a:
- ọnụ nke e mere iji nyefee ike site na ịtụgharị steering wheel gaa na ndị na-eme ihe;
- kọlụm steepụ nke na-atụgharị wiil ndị ahụ na akụkụ achọrọ.
Usoro nhazi ahụ nwere:
- ogwe ihe mejupụtara ya na nnyefe cardan;
- sterịn ụkwụ;
- ụdị worm stering gia.
Nhazi ahụ nwere ihe ndị a:
- pendulum;
- rotary levers;
- mkpara eduzi.
Ebe ọ bụ na mkpanaka ndị dị n'èzí nwere akụkụ abụọ, nke a na-enye ohere maka nhazi nke akụkụ ụkwụ. steering na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị a:
- Onye na-anya ụgbọ ala na-eme ihe na steering wheel.
- Site na nkwonkwo cardan, a na-edozi ogwe osisi ikpuru, site na nke a na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbanwe.
- Ikpuru na-agbagharị, nke na-enye aka na mmegharị nke roller okpukpu abụọ.
- Ogwe nke abụọ nke gearbox na-atụgharị.
- A na-etinye bipod n'elu ogwe nke abụọ, nke na-atụgharị ma na-adọkpụrụ eriri eriri na ya.
- Site na akụkụ ndị a, a na-etinye ike na levers, si otú ahụ na-atụgharị ụkwụ n'ihu na akụkụ nke onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala chọrọ.
Bipod bụ njikọ na-ejikọta ngwo ihe nrụnye na njikọ steering.
Ihe ịrịba ama nke ọdịda igbe gearbox
Dị ka a na-eji ụgbọ ala ahụ, kọlụm steering nwere ike ịnweta adịghị arụ ọrụ nke chọrọ nrụzi. Ndị kacha n'ime ha bụ:
- mgbapu mmanụ site na igbe igbe;
- ụda dị egwu na usoro;
- Ọ na-achọ nnukwu mbọ iji tụgharịa steering wheel.
Isiokwu: VAZ 2107 steering malfunctions na ụzọ dozie ha
Mmejọ | Usoro mkpochapụ |
Mmụba egwuregwu steering | |
Na-atọpụ ngwongwo ngwo na-ebunye bolts. | Kpochie mkpụrụ. |
Na-atọpụ mkpụrụ nke ntụtụ bọọlụ nke mkpanaka ụzọ. | Lelee ma mee ka mkpụrụ akụ sie ike. |
Mmụba ihichapụ na nkwonkwo bọọlụ nke mkpanaka ụzọ. | Dochie ndụmọdụ ma ọ bụ tie mkpanaka. |
Mwepu abawanyela n'ihu wheel bearings. | Gbanwee mkpochapụ. |
Mmụba mwepu na ntinye aka nke ihe mkpuchi na ikpuru. | Gbanwee mkpochapụ. |
Mwepu nke ukwuu n'etiti axle pendulum na bushes. | Dochie bushes ma ọ bụ mgbakọ bracket. |
Mmụba ihichapụ na ikpuru bearings. | Gbanwee mkpochapụ. |
Ntụgharị kwụsiri ike | |
Nbibi nke akụkụ ihe eji eme ihe. | Dochie akụkụ ndị nwere nkwarụ. |
Ntọala ezighi ezi nke akụkụ nke wiil ihu. | Lelee nhazi wheel wee mezie. |
Akwụsịla ọdịiche dị na njikọ aka nke roller na ikpuru. | Gbanwee mkpochapụ. |
Akụ na-emezigharị nke pendulum ogwe aka axle agbachiela. | Gbanwee tightening nke aku. |
Obere nrụgide n'ihu taya. | Tọọ nrụgide nkịtị. |
Mmebi na nkwonkwo bọọlụ. | Lelee ma dochie akụkụ ndị mebiri emebi. |
Enweghị mmanụ n'ime ụlọ steering gia | Lelee ma bulie elu. Dochie akara ma ọ dị mkpa. |
N'elu stering aro na-ebu mmebi | Dochie bearings. |
mkpọtụ (ịkụ aka) na steering | |
Mwepu abawanyela n'ihu wheel bearings. | Gbanwee mkpochapụ. |
Na-atọpụ mkpụrụ nke ntụtụ bọọlụ nke mkpanaka ụzọ. | Lelee ma mee ka mkpụrụ akụ sie ike. |
Mwepu abawanyela n'etiti axle ogwe aka pendulum na bushes. | Dochie bushes ma ọ bụ mgbakọ bracket. |
Akụ na-emezigharị nke pendulum ogwe aka axle tọgbọrọ chakoo. | Gbanwee tightening nke aku. |
Akwụsịla ọdịiche dị na ntinye aka nke roller na ikpuru ma ọ bụ na bearings nke ikpuru. | Gbanwee oghere. |
Mmụba ihichapụ na nkwonkwo bọọlụ nke mkpanaka ụzọ. | Dochie ndụmọdụ ma ọ bụ tie mkpanaka. |
Ihe mgbakwasa ngwo eji eme ihe na-atọ ụtọ ma ọ bụ ogwe aka na-efegharị. | Lelee ma mee ka mkpụrụ osisi bolt sie ike. |
Na-atọpụ mkpụrụ akụ na-echekwa ogwe aka pivot. | Kpochie mkpụrụ. |
Ntọpụ nke etiti steering shaft arịọnụ bolts. | Gbanyụọ mkpụrụ osisi bolt. |
Oscillation angular na-akpali onwe ya nke wiil n'ihu | |
Nrụgide taya adịghị mma. | Lelee ma tọọ nrụgide nkịtị. |
2. Mebie akụkụ nke wiil n'ihu. | Lelee ma mezie nhazi wiil. |
3. Mwepu na-abawanye na n'ihu wheel bearings. | Gbanwee mkpochapụ. |
4. Ụkwụ adịghị nhata. | Hazie wiil ndị ahụ. |
5. Na-atọpụ mkpụrụ nke ntụtụ bọọlụ nke mkpanaka ụzọ. | Lelee ma mee ka mkpụrụ akụ sie ike. |
6. Ngwongwo ihe eji eme ihe na-agbago bolts ma ọ bụ ogwe aka na-efegharị. | Lelee ma mee ka mkpụrụ osisi bolt sie ike. |
7. Akwụsịla ọdịiche dị na ntinye aka nke roller na ikpuru. | Gbanwee mkpochapụ. |
Ịkwọ ụgbọ ala ahụ n'ihu kwụ ọtọ n'otu ụzọ | |
Nrụgide taya na-ahaghị nhata. | Lelee ma tọọ nrụgide nkịtị. |
Akwụsịwo akụkụ nke wiil ndị dị n'ihu. | Lelee ma mezie nhazi wiil. |
Usoro dị iche iche nke isi iyi nkwusioru n'ihu. | Dochie isi iyi ndị a na-apụghị iji mee ihe. |
Mkpịsị ụkwụ stewed agbarụrụ agbarụ ma ọ bụ ogwe aka nkwusioru. | Lelee mkpịsị aka na levers, dochie akụkụ ọjọọ. |
Ntọhapụ na-ezughị ezu nke otu wiil ma ọ bụ karịa. | Lelee ọnọdụ nke sistemu breeki. |
Enweghi ike ụgbọ ala | |
Akwụsịwo akụkụ nke wiil ndị dị n'ihu. | Lelee ma mezie nhazi wiil. |
Mwepu abawanyela n'ihu wheel bearings. | Gbanwee mkpochapụ. |
Na-atọpụ mkpụrụ nke ntụtụ bọọlụ nke mkpanaka ụzọ. | Lelee ma mee ka mkpụrụ akụ sie ike. |
Egwuregwu dị ukwuu na nkwonkwo bọọlụ nke mkpanaka ụzọ. | Dochie ndụmọdụ ma ọ bụ tie mkpanaka. |
Ihe mgbakwasa ngwo eji eme ihe na-atọ ụtọ ma ọ bụ ogwe aka na-efegharị. | Lelee ma mee ka mkpụrụ osisi bolt sie ike. |
Mmụba ihichapụ na ntinye aka nke roller na ikpuru. | Gbanwee mkpochapụ. |
Mkpịsị ụkwụ stewed agbarụrụ agbarụ ma ọ bụ ogwe aka nkwusioru. | Lelee mkpịsị aka na levers; dochie akụkụ ndị nwere nkwarụ. |
Mwepu mmanụ sitere na crankcase | |
Mbibi nke akara aro nke bipod ma ọ bụ ikpuru. | Dochie akara. |
Na-atọpụ bolts na-ejide ihe mkpuchi ụlọ steering gia. | Mee ka bolts sie ike. |
Mmebi na akara. | Dochie gaskets. |
Ebee ka igbe igbe dị
The stering gearbox na VAZ 2107 dị na engine ngalaba n'akụkụ aka ekpe n'okpuru agụụ breeki booster. Na ahụmahụ na-ezughị ezu na nlele, ọ nwere ike ọ gaghị achọta ya, ebe ọ bụ na a na-ekpuchi ya na oyi akwa.
Nrụzi kọlụm steering
N'ihi esemokwu na-adịgide adịgide na usoro nhazi ahụ, a na-emepụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe, nke na-egosi na ọ dị mkpa ọ bụghị nanị iji dozie mgbakọ ahụ, kamakwa ọ ga-ekwe omume nrụzi.
Otu esi ewepu igbe igbe
Iji kwatuo kọlụm steering na "asaa", ị ga-achọ ngwaọrụ ndị a:
- igodo igodo;
- crank;
- isi;
- steering puller.
Mgbe ịmechara ihe niile ịchọrọ, mee usoro nzọụkwụ ndị a:
- A na-etinye ụgbọ ala ahụ na igwe ebuli ma ọ bụ oghere nlele.
- Hichaa mkpịrịsị mkpanaka site na unyi.
- A na-ewepụ mkpanaka ndị ahụ na bipod nke gearbox, nke a na-ewepụ ihe atụ nke cotter, a na-ewepụ mkpụrụ ndị ahụ ma wepụ mkpịsị aka ya na bipod nke ngwaọrụ steering na onye na-atụgharị ya.Mgbe ị kụpụsịrị mkpụrụ ndị ahụ, kwụpụ mkpanaka ndị na-eduzi ya na bipod nke gia steering.
- A na-ejikọta kọlụm steering na steer wheel site na ogwe etiti. Mepee ihe nkedo nke ikpeazụ site na ogwe gearbox.Iji wepụ kọlụm steering, ị ga-achọ ka ihichapụ ihe nkedo nke ogwe usoro na ogwe etiti.
- A na-ejikọta igbe gear na bolts atọ na ahụ. Mepee mkpụrụ akụ 3 nke na-ekekọta, wepụ ihe nkedo ma kwatuo ngwa steering n'ime ụgbọ ala. Iji mee ka ọ dịkwuo mfe iwepụ mgbakọ ahụ, ọ ka mma ịtụgharị bipod n'ụzọ niile n'ime ahụ kọlụm.A na-ejikọta ihe eji eduzi ụgbọ ala ahụ n'akụkụ akụkụ nke ụgbọ ala ahụ nwere bolts atọ.
Video: dochie steering kọlụm na ihe atụ nke VAZ 2106
Otu esi ekposa igbe gear
Mgbe ewepụrụ usoro n'ime ụgbọ ala, ị nwere ike ịmalite ịkwasa ya.
Site na ngwaọrụ ị chọrọ ịkwadebe:
- ọkọlọtọ igodo;
- isi 30;
- ihe na-akpata bipod;
- osote.
A na-arụ ọrụ ahụ n'usoro a:
- A naghị ekpuchi bipod nut na a na-agbanye mkpanaka ahụ site na ogwe aka ya na ihe nkwụnye.Iji wepụ bipod ahụ, kpọghee akị ahụ ma jiri ihe ntuta pịa mkpanaka ahụ
- Mepee plọg na-ejuputa mmanụ, kpochapu griiz na crankcase ahụ, wepụzie akị na-edozi ma wepụ ihe nkpuchi mkpọchi.
- A na-ejikọta ihe mkpuchi n'elu na 4 bolts - kpochapụ ha.Iji wepụ ihe mkpuchi dị n'elu, wepụ bolts 4
- A na-ewepụ ihe nkedo ngbanwe site na ogwe osisi bipod, mgbe ahụ, a na-ewepụ ihe mkpuchi ahụ.Iji wepụ ihe mkpuchi ahụ, ị ga-achọ ịkwapụ ogwe osisi bipod site na mgbagha nhazi
- A na-ewepụ osisi traction na rola na igbe gear.Site na ebe obibi gearbox anyị na-ewepụ ogwe osisi bipod na rola
- Kpochapụ ihe nkedo nke mkpuchi nke ikpuru gia ma kwatuo ya na shims.Iji wepụ ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi worm, wepụ ihe nkedo kwekọrọ ma wepụ akụkụ ahụ yana gaskets
- Site na hama, a na-etinye ọkụ ọkụ na ogwe aka nke worm ma jiri ihe nkedo si na kọlụm na-eduzi. Ngwunye njedebe nke ogwe osisi worm nwere oghere pụrụ iche maka ibu.A na-eji hama na-ejiri a na-eji osisi na-akpụ akpụ akpụ, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-ewepụ ya na ụlọ ahụ yana bearings
- Wepu akara ogwe aka nke worm site na ịpịnye ya na screwdriver. N'otu ụzọ ahụ, a na-ewepụ akara akara bipod.A na-ewepụ akara gearbox site na iji screwdriver were were screwdriver were were tinye ya.
- Site n'enyemaka nke nkwụnye ahụ, a na-akụpụ agbụrụ dị n'èzí nke nke abụọ.Iji wepụ agbụrụ dị n'èzí nke bearing, ị ga-achọ ngwá ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị
Mgbe kpọsasịrị gia steering, mee nchọpụta nsogbu ya. A na-ehichapụ ihe niile site na ịsacha mmanụ dizel. A na-enyocha nke ọma akụkụ nke ọ bụla maka mmebi, akara, iyi. A na-akwụ ụgwọ nlebara anya pụrụ iche na ebe a na-ekpocha ahịhịa nke worm shaft na roller. Ntughari nke bearings aghaghị ịbụ nke na-arapara n'ahụ. E kwesịghị inwe mmebi ma ọ bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke eyi na agbụrụ dị n'èzí, ndị na-ekewapụ na bọọlụ. Ụlọ gearbox n'onwe ya ekwesịghị inwe mgbawa. A ga-edochie akụkụ niile na-egosi uwe a na-ahụ anya.
A na-eji ndị ọhụrụ dochie akara mmanụ, n'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ ha.
Mgbakọ na ntinye nke igbe gear
Mgbe emechara ngbanwe nke ihe ndị na-adịghị mma, ị nwere ike ịga n'ihu na mgbakọ nke mgbakọ ahụ. Akụkụ ndị etinyere n'ime crankcase na-ete mmanụ gia. A na-eme mgbakọ n'usoro a:
- N'iji hama na ntakịrị ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ ọzọ dabara adaba, pịa agba ọsọ nke ime n'ime ụlọ mgbakọ stewed.A na-eji hama pịnye n'ime agba ọsọ na ntakịrị.
- A na-etinye ihe nkesa na bọọlụ n'ime ọnụ ụlọ, yana ogwe ikpuru. A na-agbanye oghere nke mpụta dị na ya ma na-agbanye agbụrụ dị n'èzí.Mgbe ị wụnyechara osisi worm na mpụta dị n'elu, a na-agbanye agbụrụ dị n'èzí.
- Tinye ihe mkpuchi ahụ na gaskets wee pịa na akara nke worm shaft na bipod. A na-ebu ụzọ tinye obere mmanu mmanu na nsọtụ ọrụ nke cuffs.
- A na-etinye eriri worm na ụlọ usoro. Site n'enyemaka nke shims, a na-edozi torque nke ntụgharị ya site na 2 ruo 5 kgf * cm.
- Wụnye ogwe ndọtị dị mkpụmkpụ.
- Na njedebe nke ọrụ ahụ, a na-awụsa griiz n'ime kọlụm nchịkwa na plọg na-ekpuchi ya.
A na-eme ntinye nke ọnụ ọnụ na igwe n'usoro ntụgharị.
Vidiyo: otu esi ekposa na ikpokọta ihe eji eduzi VAZ
Lelee ihe onyonyo a na YouTube
Mgbanwe nhazi ogidi
A na-arụ ọrụ ndozi nke igbe igbe na VAZ 2107 mgbe steepụ siri ike ịtụgharị, jamming pụtara n'oge ntụgharị, ma ọ bụ mgbe a na-ebugharị okporo ụzọ n'akụkụ axis na wiil ndị dị ozugbo.
Iji dozie kọlụm steering, ị ga-achọ onye inyeaka, yana igodo 19 na screwdriver dị larịị. A na-eme usoro ahụ n'usoro ndị a:
- A na-etinye igwe ahụ n'elu ala kwụ ọtọ na wiil ihu kwụ ọtọ.
- Mepee mkpuchi ahụ, hichaa ihe nrụgharị ahụ site na mmetọ. Ntugharị ngbanwe dị n'elu mkpuchi crankcase ma na-echekwa ya site na plọg plastik, nke a na-ewepụ ya na screwdriver ma wepụ ya.Tupu ịhazi igbe gia, wepụ plọg plastik
- A na-edozi ihe na-edozi ihe na-eji mkpụrụ pụrụ iche sitere na mwepu na-enweghị isi, nke ejiri igodo 19 tọpụ.Iji gbochie skru na-emezi ka ọ ghara ịtọpụ onwe ya, a na-eji mkpụrụ pụrụ iche.
- Onye nnyemaaka na-amalite ịgbagharị steepụ ahụ n'aka nri na aka ekpe, onye nke abụọ na-emezi ihe nkedo na-enweta ọnọdụ achọrọ na ntinye aka nke gia. Ntugharị n'ọnọdụ a kwesịrị ịtụgharị ngwa ngwa ma nwee obere egwuregwu efu.A na-eme mgbanwe site n'ịtụgharị ihe nkedo na-agbanwe agbanwe na screwdriver.
- Mgbe emechara ngbanwe ahụ, a na-ejide ihe nkedo ahụ na screwdriver na nut na-emesi ike.
Vidiyo: imezi mgbakọ steering VAZ 2107
Lelee ihe onyonyo a na YouTube
Gearbox mmanụ
Iji belata esemokwu nke ihe dị n'ime nke kọlụm steering, a na-awụsa mmanụ GL-4, GL-5 nwere ọkwa viscosity nke SAE75W90, SAE80W90 ma ọ bụ SAE85W90 n'ime usoro ahụ. N'ụzọ ochie, maka ọnụ ọnụ na ajụjụ, ọtụtụ ndị nwe ụgbọ ala na-eji mmanụ TAD-17. Olu ndochi nke gearbox na VAZ 2107 bụ 0,215 lita.
Na -enyocha ọkwa mmanụ
Iji zere ọdịda akaghi aka nke akụkụ nke usoro ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ịlele ọkwa mmanụ kwa oge ma dochie ya. Ekwesiri iburu n'uche na mmiri mmiri si na gearbox, ọ bụ ezie na nwayọọ nwayọọ, na-agbapụta, na nkwụsị ahụ na-eme n'agbanyeghị ma etinyere kọlụm ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ nke ochie. A na-eme nlele ọkwa dị ka ndị a:
- Iji igodo 8, wepụ plọg na-ejuputa.Eji igodo maka 8 kpuchie plọg ahụ
- Iji screwdriver ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ ọzọ, lelee ọkwa mmanụ dị na crankcase. Ọkwa nkịtị kwesịrị ịdị na nsọtụ ala nke oghere ndochi.Iji lelee ọkwa mmanụ dị na igbe gear, screwdriver ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ ọzọ dabara adaba
- Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, jiri sirinji tinye mmanu ahụ ruo mgbe ọ malitere ịpụta na oghere ndochi.
- Kpochie plọg ahụ ma hichapụ ngwa ntugharị na smudges.
Otu esi agbanwe mmanụ gia
N'ihe gbasara ịgbanwe mmanụ n'ime ihe eji eme ihe, a ga-eme usoro a otu ugboro kwa afọ na ọkara. Ọ bụrụ na e mere mkpebi iji gbanwee mmanu mmanu, ị kwesịrị ịma ka esi eme usoro ahụ. Na mgbakwunye na mmanu ọhụrụ ahụ, ị ga-achọ sirinji abụọ nke nnukwu olu enwere ike (nke a zụtara n'ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ) na obere mpempe mmiri washer. A na-eme usoro ahụ n'usoro a:
- A na-eji mkpịsị ugodi na-ekpuchi ihe nkwụnye ahụ, a na-etinye otu tube na sirinji, mmanụ ochie na-adọta ma wụsa n'ime ihe a kwadebere.A na-eji sirinji wepụrụ griiz ochie na kọlụm ndu
- Site na sirinji nke abụọ, a na-awụsa mmanụ mmanụ ọhụrụ n'ime igbe gear ka ọ bụrụ ọkwa a chọrọ, ebe a na-atụ aro ka ị gbanwee steering wheel.A na-adọta mmanụ mmanu ọhụrụ n'ime sirinji, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-awụsa ya n'ime igbe ihe
- Kpochie plọg ahụ wee hichapụ akara mmanụ.
Vidiyo: na-agbanwe mmanụ na ngwa steering kpochapụwo
Lelee ihe onyonyo a na YouTube
N'agbanyeghị mgbagwoju anya imewe nke GXNUMX steering usoro, onye ọ bụla nwe ụgbọ ala a nwere ike ịrụ mgbochi mgbochi, ịrụzi ma ọ bụ nnọchi nke mgbakọ. Ihe kpatara nrụzi ahụ bụ njirimara njirimara nke adịghị arụ ọrụ na usoro ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na ahụrụ akụkụ nwere mmebi a na-ahụ anya, a ga-edochi ya n'enweghị ọdịda. Ebe ọ bụ na kọlụm ịkwọ ụgbọ ala bụ otu n'ime akụkụ dị mkpa nke ụgbọ ala ahụ, a ghaghị ime ihe niile n'usoro n'usoro.