Nkwụsị ụgbọ ala: ngwaọrụ, ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ
Nkwụsị ụgbọ ala bụ ihe dị mkpa nke chassis. Ebumnuche ya bụ njikọ njikọ n'etiti okporo ụzọ, wiil na ahụ. Anyị nwekwara ike ịmata ọdịiche nke ọrụ atọ nke nkwusioru ahụ na-arụ, ọ dịghịkwa mkpa ụdị ụgbọ ala anyị na-ekwu maka ya - ụgbọ ala ịgba ọsọ, ọgba tum tum, ụgbọ ala ochie:
- njikọ nke wiil na ahụ;
- absorption nke vibrations na-esite na mmekọrịta nke taya na elu nke okporo ụzọ;
- n'ịhụ na agagharị nke wiil ikwu na ahụ, si otú ọbọ a ụfọdụ ire ụtọ.
Na webụsaịtị anyị Vodi.su anyị emetụlarị isiokwu a, na-ekwu maka ndị na-ama jijiji ma ọ bụ nkwusioru MacPherson strut. N'ezie, enwere ụdị pendants dị iche iche; enwere isi subtypes abụọ:
- nkwusioru dabere - wiil nke otu axle na-ejikọta ya na ibe ya;
- nnwere onwe - wiil ahụ nwere ike ịkwaga n'akụkụ ahụ na-enweghị emetụta ọnọdụ nke wiil coaxial ọzọ.
Ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị maka ụdị nkwusioru niile bụ:
- ihe ndị sitere na nke a na-enweta ngbanwe (mmiri, isi iyi, ogwe osisi torsion);
- ihe maka ikesa ntụziaka nke ike (longitudinal, transverse, double wishbones), ihe ndị a na-eme ka usoro nkwụsịtụ dum na-akwado ahụ ma ọ bụ etiti nke ụgbọ ahụ;
- ihe ndị na-akụda mmiri - gbochie ụgbọ ala ahụ ka ọ na-agbagharị, ya bụ, anyị na-ekwu maka ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, nke, dị ka anyị na-echeta, nwere ike ịbụ mmanụ, pneumatic, mmanụ gas;
- mgbochi mpịakọta - mkpanaka na-ejikọta wiil abụọ nke otu axle na struts;
- ihe ngbochi - ihe mgbochi gbachiri emechi, nkwonkwo bọọlụ, bushes ígwè.
Akụkụ ndị a niile nwere nnukwu ibu mgbe ha na-anya n'okporo ụzọ, na ibu a ka ukwuu, na-akawanye mma nke okporo ụzọ. Ka oge na-aga, a na-egosipụta ihe ndị a niile n'ịdị mma nke ịnya ụgbọ ala: a na-akụghasị ihe nkwụnye ụkwụ nke ụgbọ ala, njikwa na-adịghị mma, ụgbọ ala ahụ na-amalite "ịpụ" mgbe braking, ọ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo njọ, na-atụgharị ma ọ bụ na-atụgharị nke ukwuu.
Iji zere nsogbu ndị a niile, ọ dị mkpa iji mee nchọpụta oge, dochie ihe mgbochi nkịtị, stabilizer struts, dochie ndị na-ama jijiji, wdg.
Ụdị isi nke pendants
A na-eji ma ụdị nkwusioru dabere na nke onwe ya ruo taa. Ụdị na-adaberekarị bụ nkwusioru na isi iyi ogologo. A na-eji nhọrọ a na gwongworo, bọs na SUVs n'ihi na ọ nwere nnukwu oke ike, n'adịghị ka nkwụsị nke MacPherson strut nke na-ewu ewu taa.
N'oge tupu agha, nkwusioru na transverse iyi na-ewu ewu nke ukwuu. Ejiri ya na ụdị Ford mbụ. Ọ dị mma ịsị na ụgbọ ala Wartburg, bụ ndị a na-achọ n'oge ahụ ma na-emepụta na GDR, nwere usoro mmiri dị otú ahụ.
Ụdị nkwusioru ndị ọzọ dabere gụnyere:
- nkwusioru na ogwe aka ndu - ka ejiri ya na ụgbọ ala egwuregwu, gwongworo na ụgbọ ala ndị njem;
- na ọkpọkọ ọkpọkọ ma ọ bụ drawbar - eji na ụgbọ ala Ford, ọ bụ ihe a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, ma a gbahapụrụ ya n'ihi nhazi ya dị mgbagwoju anya;
- De Dion - a na-ejikọta wiil ndị na-akwọ ụgbọala site na eriri na-agbapụta, ntụgharị na wiil na-ebufe site na igbe gear site na axle shafts na hinges. Usoro a bụ ntụkwasị obi nke ukwuu; a na-eji ya na Ford Ranger, Smart Fortwo, Alfa Romeo na ọtụtụ ụdị ụgbọ ala ndị ọzọ.
Nkwusioru mmanya torsion bụ nke nwere onwe ya. Ọ malitere arụnyere na ọgbọ mbụ nke Volkswagen Golf na Scirocco. Ogwe torsion bụ tube ígwè, n'ime ya enwere mkpara na-agbanwe agbanwe na-arụ ọrụ torsion. A na-eji ogwe osisi torsion dị ka ihe na-agbanwe ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi mpịakọta.
E chepụtakwara ọtụtụ ụdị nkwusioru ndị nwere onwe ha. Otu n'ime ihe kachasị mfe bụ na osisi axle na-atụgharị. Oghere axle na-abịa site na igbe igbe; a na-ejikwa ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe ebe a: ogwe osisi torsion, isi iyi, isi iyi. Ọ dị mma maka obere ụgbọ ala dị ala, dị ka ZAZ-965, ma mgbe e mesịrị, ha malitere ịhapụ ya n'ebe nile.
A na-eji nkwusioru ọkpọ ọkpọ mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ụgbọ ala ndị njem taa. N'ezie, wiil ndị ahụ adịghị ejikọta ibe ha, kama ha na-ejikọta na levers, nke a na-ejikọta ya na-agagharị na ahụ.
Mgbe e mesịrị, a gbanwere usoro a ọtụtụ oge:
- ogwe aka azụ;
- oblique levers;
- okpukpu abụọ nke ọchịchọ;
- nkwusioru njikọ ọtụtụ.
Na ụkpụrụ, MacPherson strut nkwusioru bụ otu n'ime ụdị nke imewe a, bụ nke a na-emepụta n'ihu n'ihi ntinye nke ọkụ ọkụ - onye ndu strut nwere ihe na-ekpo ọkụ.
Ọfọn, echefula na ụdị nkwusioru na-arụ ọrụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ ndị nwere isi iyi ikuku, na-enweta ewu ewu taa. Ya bụ, onye na-anya ụgbọ ala nwere ike ijikwa ihe njikwa dị iche iche. Nkwusioru nkwusioru bụ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya nke nwere ọtụtụ sensọ na-anakọta ozi gbasara ọsọ ngagharị, ogo elu ụzọ, ọnọdụ wiil, yana dabere na data a, ahọpụtara ọnọdụ ịnya ụgbọ ala kacha mma.
Na-adọnye…
