Ngwa nke urea na mmanụ dizel engine

Iwu gburugburu ebe obibi nke oge a na-etinye oke siri ike na ụkpụrụ ikuku nke mmetọ na ikuku ikuku nke injin dizel. Nke a na-amanye ndị injinia ịchọ ihe ngwọta ọhụrụ iji mezuo ụkpụrụ. Otu n'ime ndị a bụ iji urea maka mmanụ dizel na SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) usoro ọgwụgwọ mgbe emechara. A na-akpọ injin Daimler na-eji teknụzụ a Bluetec.

Kedu ihe bụ usoro SCR

Usoro gburugburu ebe obibi nke Euro 6 adịla n'ọrụ na mba 28 EU kemgbe 2015. N'okpuru ọkọlọtọ ọhụrụ ahụ, ndị na-emepụta ụgbọ ala diesel nwere ihe siri ike chọrọ n'ihi na injin mmanụ diesel na-emebi nnukwu gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike mmadụ, na-ebunye soot na nitrogen oxides n'ime ikuku.

Ọ bụ ezie na iji ihe ntụgharị catalytic ụzọ atọ zuru ezu iji hichaa gas na-ekpochapụ nke injin mmanụ ụgbọala, ngwaọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya maka iwepụ ogige ndị na-egbu egbu na gas na-ekpochapụ dị mkpa maka engine diesel. Ịdị irè nke ihicha CO (carbon monoxide), CH (hydrocarbons) na soot sitere na mmanụ dizel engine iyuzucha gas na-abawanye na nnukwu ọkụ ọkụ, ebe NOx, n'ụzọ megidere, na-ebelata. Ihe ngwọta nye nsogbu a bụ iwebata ihe SCR na-akwalite n'ime usoro ikpochapu, nke na-eji mmanụ dizel urea dị ka ihe ndabere maka mwepu nke ogige ndị na-egbu egbu nke nitrogen oxide (NOx).

Iji belata ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ, ndị injinia ewepụtala usoro nhicha mmanụ dizel pụrụ iche - Bluetec. Mgbagwoju ahụ nwere usoro atọ zuru oke, nke ọ bụla n'ime ha na-enyocha ogige ndị na-egbu egbu ma na-agbaji ogige kemịkal na-emerụ ahụ:

• Catalyst - neutralizes CO na CH.
• Particulate nzacha - ọnyà soot ahụ.
• Ihe ntụgharị SCR catalytic - Na-ebelata ikuku NOx na urea.

Ejiri usoro nhicha nke mbụ na gwongworo Mercedes-Benz na ụgbọ ala. Taa, ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ihe na-atụgharị ụgbọ ala ha ka ọ bụrụ usoro nhicha ọhụrụ ma na-eji urea na mmanụ dizel iji gboo mkpa njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike.

Teknụzụ urea AdBlue

Amara njedebe nke metabolism mammalian, urea, kemgbe narị afọ nke XNUMX. Carbonic acid diomide sitere na ogige inorganic ma na-ejikarị arụ ọrụ ugbo. Na ụgbọ ala ụlọ ọrụ, ihe ngwọta nke Adblue teknuzu mmiri mmiri dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ gị n'ụlọnga na-ọcha nke na-egbu egbu gas gas si nitrogen oxides.

Adblue bụ 40% urea na 60% mmiri distilled. A na-agbanye ihe mejupụtara ya n'ime sistemu SCR na nozzle nke ikuku ikuku na-agafe. Mmeghachi omume ire ere na-apụta, bụ́ nke nitric oxide na-akụda n'ime nitrogen na ụmụ irighiri mmiri na-adịghị emerụ ahụ.

urea teknụzụ maka mmanụ dizel - Adblue enweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na urea urea, nke a na-eji na ngalaba agro-industrial na na nkà mmụta ọgwụ.

Edblue na mmanụ dizel

Sistemụ ọgwụgwọ agwụchala mmiri mmiri, ma ọ bụ ihe ntụgharị SCR, bụ usoro mechiri emechi nke iyuzucha mmanụ dizel na-enweghị soot na-esi na ya na-asọ. A na-awụsa mmiri mmiri Adblue n'ime tank nke nwere onwe ya ma tinye ya n'ime ọkpọkọ ikpochapu n'otu nha tupu ịbanye na ntụgharị.

Gas agwakọta na-abanye na ngalaba nkwụsị SCR, ebe mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ na-ewere ọnọdụ iji mebie nitric oxide na-efu amonia na urea. N'ijikọta ya na nitric oxide, ụmụ irighiri ihe amonia na-akụda ya n'ime ihe ndị na-adịghị emerụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Mgbe usoro nchacha zuru oke, a na-ebunye ntakịrị ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ n'ime ikuku, ihe mgbapụta ahụ na-agbaso ụkpụrụ Euro-5 na Euro-6.

Ụkpụrụ nke ịrụ ọrụ nke usoro nhicha mmanụ dizel

Usoro ọgwụgwọ mmanụ dizel zuru ezu nwere ihe ntụgharị catalytic, ihe nzacha ihe na sistemụ SCR. Ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ nhicha na nkebi:

1. Gasị na-ekpochapụ na-abanye na ihe ntụgharị catalytic na ihe nzacha. A na-agbacha soot, na-agbanyụ ihe ndị dị n’ime mmanụ ọkụ, wepụkwa carbon monoxide na hydrocarbons.
2. A na-eji injector tinye ụfọdụ ego AdBlue n'ime njikọ dị n'etiti nzacha mmanụ dizel na ihe ntụgharị catalytic SCR. Urea ụmụ irighiri ihe na-aghọ amonia na isocyanic acid.
3. Amonia jikọtara ya na nitrogen oxide, akụkụ kachasị emerụ ahụ nke mmanụ dizel ejiri mee ihe. A na-ekewa molecules, nke na-eduga n'ịmepụta mmiri na nitrogen. A na-ahapụ ikuku ikuku na-adịghị emerụ ahụ n'ime ikuku.

Ngwakọta urea maka mmanụ dizel

N'agbanyeghị ịdị mfe nke mmiri mmanụ dizel, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịkwadebe urea n'onwe gị site na iji fatịlaịza organic. Usoro nke molecule urea (NH2) 2CO, bụ kristal na-acha ọcha na-enweghị isi, na-agbaze na mmiri na ihe mgbaze pola (mmiri amonia, methanol, chloroform, wdg).

Maka ahịa Europe, a na-emepụta mmiri mmiri n'okpuru nlekọta nke VDA (German Automobile Industry Association), nke na-enye ikikere maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-enye mmiri maka ahịa ụlọ.

Na Russia, adịgboroja n'okpuru akara AdBlue karịrị 50%. Yabụ, mgbe ị na-azụta urea maka injin mmanụ dizel nke Russia, ị ga-enwerịrị akara akara “Iso 22241-2-2009”.

Ihe na Aka

Uru nke iji urea doro anya - naanị na reagent a, sistemu ọgwụgwọ gas nke SCR diesel engine nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ zuru oke ma mezuo ihe achọrọ nke Euro 6 Standard.

Na mgbakwunye na ichekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, uru dị na urea ọcha gụnyere isi ihe ndị a:

• oriri ya maka ụgbọ ala bụ naanị 100 g kwa 1000 km;
• a na-ejikọta usoro SCR n'ime ụgbọ ala diesel nke oge a;
• N'obodo ụfọdụ, a na-ebelata ụtụ isi maka iji ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụrụ na etinyere usoro nhicha urea, ọ nweghịkwa ihe egwu ga-akwụ ụgwọ.

O di nwute, sistemu a nwekwara ọghọm:

• ebe oyi na-atụ nke urea bụ ihe dịka -11 Celsius;
• mkpa nke mmanụ ụgbọala mgbe niile;
• ọnụ ahịa ụgbọ ala na-abawanye;
• nnukwu mmiri mmiri Adblue adịgboroja;
• ụbara chọrọ maka mma mmanụ ụgbọala;
• ọnụ nrụzi na usoro components.

Ngwakọta urea ịhịa aka n'ahụ arụnyere n'ime ụgbọ ala mmanụ dizel ka bụ naanị ụzọ isi belata nsị nsị. Ihe isi ike na-arụ ọrụ, ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke reagents gwongworo, mmiri na-adịghị mma na mmanụ dizel pụtara na ọtụtụ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala na-ahọrọ iji gbanyụọ usoro ahụ ma wụnye emulators.

Agbanyeghị, ọ dị mkpa ịghọta na urea ka bụ naanị kemịkalụ diesel nke na-egbochi mwepụta nitric oxide na gburugburu ebe obibi, nke nwere ike ibute ọrịa kansa.