Nkesa nke 4-stroke engines

camshaft maka njikwa valve

Ejiri valves na otu ma ọ bụ karịa camshafts, nkesa bụ obi nke engine 4-stroke. Ọ bụ na ya ka arụmọrụ nke ọgba tum tum na-adabere.

Iji chịkwaa oghere mechiri emechi na mmechi nke valves, a na-eji camshaft, ya bụ, axle na-atụgharị nke etinyere na eccentrics, nke ga-agbanye valves ka ha na-emikpu wee mepee mgbe oge ruru. A naghị achịkwa valvụ ahụ ozugbo site na camshaft (fuses). N'ezie, ihe niile dabere na ọnọdụ ha. Na mbụ 4-stroke engines, a na-etinye valves site n'akụkụ, isi elu, n'akụkụ nke cylinder. Mgbe ahụ, ha na-arụ ọrụ ozugbo site na camshaft, nke n'onwe ya dị nso na axis crankshaft.

A na-akwado gas, nke ewepụtara na Milan na 2007, ọgba tum tum nwere ihe nrịbama valvụ dị n'akụkụ. Ngwọta dị oke mfe na kọmpat nke chetara oge gara aga nke dị ntakịrị ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla na ọgba tum tum kemgbe Harley Flathead kwụsịrị na 1951.

Site na flaps akụkụ ruo n'elu flaps ...

Usoro ahụ, nke dị nnọọ mfe, nwere ihe ọjọọ nke ụlọ ọkụ "warped", dị ka valves rutere nso na cylinder ahụ. Nke a metụtara arụmọrụ engine ma tinye valvụ ndu ngwa ngwa. Okwu a sitere na nsụgharị, ebe a na-akpọ isi cylinder "isi" n'ọtụtụ asụsụ mba ọzọ: dịka ọmụmaatụ, Bekee, German, Italian. Na nkọwapụta, na mgbe ụfọdụ ozugbo na crankcases, ị nwere ike ịhụ English abbreviation "OHV", nke pụtara "Header Valves", valves na isi. Mkpọchi okwu ugbu a adịkwaghị adị, nke a na-ahụ naanị na ndị na-ahịhịa ahịhịa dị ka ebe a na-ere ere ...

Nwere ike ime nke ọma ...

Ya mere, iji mee ka ọnụ ụlọ combustion dịkwuo ọnụ, a na-atụgharị valves iji weghachite ha na vetikal nke cylinder na piston. Mgbe ahụ, anyị na-ekwu maka engines "fuck". Ịkụnye ọkụ abawanyela arụmọrụ. Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na camshaft nọgidere n'otu ebe ahụ, a ghaghị ịkụnye ogologo mkpanaka iji rụọ ọrụ valves, mgbe ahụ, a ghaghị ịkụnye rockers (scalmers) iji gbanwee mmegharị elu nke cams na ntinye nke na-ebelata valves.

N'oge gara aga, ụdị mgbasa a ka na-eji tumadi na ọgba tum tum Bekee (60s-70s) na Italian (Moto Guzzi).

OHV wee OHC

Otu ngwọta ACT (head camshaft) ka dabara nke ọma maka otu cylinders na-adịghị agba ọsọ na oke oke, dị ka 650 XR ebe a.

Otú ọ dị, ịdị arọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akụkụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ ejirila okpukpu abụọ mebie n'ịchọ ike. N'ezie, ngwa ngwa valvụ ahụ na-emeghe ma na-emechi, ogologo oge ha nwere ike ịnọ na-emeghe, nke na-enye aka na njuputa engine, n'ihi ya ike ya na ike ya. N'otu aka ahụ, ngwa ngwa nke engine na-agba ọsọ, otú ahụ ka "mgbawa" na-enye ma, ya mere, ka ọ dị ike karị. Ma uka, ebe ọ bụ onye iro nke osooso, usoro ndị a dị arọ na mgbagwoju anya agaghị adị irè na azụ na azụ. N'ezie, anyị nwere echiche ibuli camshaft n'ime isi cylinder (n'isi dị ka nke a ...) iji kpochapụ ogologo osisi rocker dị ogologo ma dị arọ. N'asụsụ bekee, anyị na-ekwu maka "camshaft inverted", nke OHC dere n'oge na-adịghị anya. Nkà na ụzụ na-emecha ka dị ọhụrụ dị ka Honda (na Aprilia) ka na-eji ya eme ihe mgbe niile, yana ụfọdụ mmegharị a na-akpọ "Unicam".

Unik

Unicam Honda nwere naanị otu ACT na-ejikwa valvụ ndị a na-eri nri, ebe nke pere mpe, yabụ valvụ iyuzucha ọkụ na-eji mkpọda.

N'izu na-abịa, anyị ga-elebakwu anya na ACT ugboro abụọ.

Igbe: Gịnị bụ Valve Panic?

Ihe omume a yiri ihe na-eme mgbe ndị agha na-agafe akwa mmiri. The cadence na-akpali ihe owuwu akwa mmiri na a ọsọ kwekọrọ na ya resonant mode. Nke a na-eduga na mmegharị obosara nke akwa mmiri na, n'ikpeazụ, mbibi ya. Otú ahụ ka ọ dịkwa na nkesa. Mgbe oge mkpali nke camshaft ruru ugboro nke oghere valve na usoro mmechi, usoro ahụ na-achọta nzaghachi. Nke a na-eduga na mmegharị valvụ a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa nke na-esokwaghị profaịlụ camshaft. N'ezie, ha anaghịzi emechi mgbe piston na-ebili ... na bing, ọ na-akụ, na-eme ka engine daa. Na ala nkesa nkesa, elu ya resonant ugboro na si otú na-akpali site na engine na-agba (ntụgharị ọsọ nke o nwere ike bugharia). CQFD.