Sulfated uyi ọdịnaya mmanụ. Kedu ihe ntọala a na-emetụta?
Ihe
Echiche nke ọdịnaya sulfate ash na gradation nke mmanụ dịka oke a si dị
Sulphated ash bụ pasent nke mkpokọta uka nke mmanu nke dị iche iche siri ike organic na inorganic ogige kpụrụ mgbe mmanụ ọkụ. Ọ bụ oke a ka a na-eburu n'uche taa, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ụdị ọdịnaya ash ndị ọzọ a na-atụle na ọmụmụ nke mmanụ aṅụ.
Sulfate bụ, site na nkọwa ya, nnu nke sulfuric acid, ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nke nwere anion -SO n'ime ya.4. Akụkụ a nke aha sitere na usoro nke ịgụta ntụ na mmanụ moto.
A na-ere mmanụ mmanụ a nwalere maka ọdịnaya ash n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụlọ nyocha na oke okpomọkụ (ihe dị ka 775 Celsius C) ruo mgbe a na-emepụta nnukwu ihe jikọrọ ọnụ, wee mesoo ya na sulfuric acid. A na-agbakọkwa ihe mejupụtara ihe mejupụtara ya ọzọ ruo mgbe oke ya kwụsịrị ibelata. Ihe fọdụrụ a ga-abụ ntụ nke na-adịghị ere ọkụ ga-adaba n'ime engine ma ọ bụ ikpochapụ. A na-ejikọta oke ya na oke mmalite nke prototype ma gbakọọ pasent, nke bụ otu n'ime nha ọdịnaya sulfate ash.
Ọdịnaya ash sulfated nke mmanụ n'ozuzu bụ ihe na-egosi ọnụọgụ antiwear, oke nrụgide na mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ. Na mbụ, ọdịnaya ash nke isi mmanụ dị ọcha, dabere na ọdịdị nke mmalite ya, anaghị agafe 0,005%. Ya bụ, otu lita mmanụ na-enweta naanị 1 mg nke ntụ.
Mgbe emechara ya na ihe mgbakwunye nwere calcium, zinc, phosphorus, magnesium, molybdenum na ihe ndị ọzọ kemịkalụ, ọdịnaya sulfate ash nke mmanụ na-abawanye nke ukwuu. Ikike ya ịmepụta ihe siri ike, ihe ntụ ntụ na-adịghị ere ọkụ n'oge ire ere ọkụ na-abawanye.
Taa, nhazi ACEA na-enye ụdị atọ nke mmanụ mmanu n'ihe gbasara ọdịnaya ash:
- Saps zuru ezu (mmanu mmanu zuru oke) - ọdịnaya nke uyi sulfated bụ 1-1,1% nke mkpokọta mmanụ.
- Mid Saps (mmanụ ash ọkara) - maka ngwaahịa ndị nwere usoro a, pasent nke ntụ dị n'etiti 0,6 na 0,9%.
- Saps dị ala (ihe mmanu ntụ dị ala) - ntụ erughị 0,5%.
Enwere nkwekọrịta mba ụwa dịka nke ọdịnaya ntụ na mmanụ nke oge a ekwesịghị ịfe 2%.
Kedu ihe sulfate ash na-emetụta?
Ọdịnaya sulfate dị elu na-egosi ngwugwu ihe mgbakwunye bara ụba. Opekempe, mmanụ nwere nnukwu ntụ nwere nnukwu ncha (calcium), antiwear na oke nrụgide (zinc-phosphorus). Nke a pụtara na mmanụ bara ụba karị na mgbakwunye, ihe ndị ọzọ niile hà nhata (otu isi, ọnọdụ ọrụ yiri ya, oge nnọchi nha anya), ga-eji ntụkwasị obi chebe injin ahụ na ibu dị elu na ya.
Sulfated uyi na-ekpebi kpọmkwem ego nke na-abụghị combustible, siri ike uyi ahụ kpụrụ na engine. Ka a ghara inwe mgbagwoju anya na nkwụnye ego soot. Soot, n'adịghị ka ntụ, nwere ike ire ọkụ na oke okpomọkụ. Ash - mba.
Ọdịnaya uyi nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ihe nchekwa na nchacha-ekesa mmanụ injin. Njirimara a nwere njikọ chiri anya na njirimara nyocha ọzọ dị mkpa maka mmanụ moto: nọmba ntọala.
Kedu ọdịnaya ntụ mmanụ kacha mma maka injin?
Sulfated ash bụ ihe na-edochaghị anya nke mmanụ injin. Na ịghọta ya dị ka naanị ihe dị mma ma ọ bụ naanị ihe ọjọọ ọ gaghị ekwe omume.
Mmụba ọdịnaya nke sulfate ash ga-eduga na nsonaazụ ọjọọ ndị a.
- Mmụba ikuku nke siri ike, ntụ na-enweghị combustible n'ime ọtụtụ ihe mkpofu, nke ga-emetụta ndụ nke nzacha ma ọ bụ ihe na-akpali akpali. Ihe nzacha particulate nwere ike ịgba ọkụ site na nguzobe nke carbon oxides, mmiri na ihe ndị ọzọ naanị carbon soot. Ụtụ organic siri ike na-adịkarị na mgbidi nke nzacha ihe nzacha ma na-edozi ya n'ebe ahụ. Ebe bara uru nke isi nzacha na-ebelata. Otu ụbọchị, ọ ga-akụ afọ n'ala ma ọ bụrụ na a na-agbanye mmanụ nwere ntụ dị elu n'usoro n'usoro n'ime igwe. A na-ahụ ọnọdụ yiri nke ahụ na ihe na-akpata. Agbanyeghị, ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbochi ya ga-adị ala karịa maka nzacha ihe nzacha.
- Nkwakọba carbon dị ngwa na piston, mgbanaka na plọg ọkụ. Ichichi mgbanaka na piston nwere njikọ chiri anya na nnukwu ntụ dị na mmanụ. Mmanụ mmanu dị ala na-ahapụ ọtụtụ ugboro obere ntụ mgbe ike gwụrụ. Nhazi nke nkwụnye ntụ siri ike na kandụl na-eduga n'ọkụ ọkụ (mgbanye ọkụ na-adịghị agwụ agwụ na cylinders ọ bụghị site na ọkụ kandụl, kama site na ntụ ọkụ).
- Yiri igwe agbagoro agbagoro. Ash nwere mmetụta abrasive. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, nke a anaghị emetụta akụrụngwa injin ahụ n'ụzọ ọ bụla: ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kpamkpam na-efeba n'ime ọkpọkọ ikuku na-emebighị otu piston. Otú ọ dị, n'ọnọdụ ebe engine na-ewere mmanụ maka ihe mkpofu, ma n'otu oge ahụ usoro USR na-arụ ọrụ, ash abrasive ga-ekesa n'etiti ụlọ ọkụ. Ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ewepụ ígwè na cylinders na piston mgbanaka.
N'ịchịkọta, anyị nwere ike ikwu nke a: ụba uyi ọdịnaya mmanụ maka mfe engines, na-enweghị catalysts na particulate nzacha, dị mma karịa ihe ọjọọ. Mana maka injin ọgbara ọhụrụ nke klaasị EURO-5 na EURO-6, nwere ihe nzacha na ihe na-akpali akpali, ọdịnaya ash dị elu ga-eduga ngwa ngwa nke ngwa ụgbọ ala ndị a dị oke ọnụ. Maka gburugburu ebe obibi, ihe na-emekarị bụ nke a: na-ebelata ọdịnaya ash, na-emetọ gburugburu ebe obibi.
