Ndị agha Hungary na-alụ agha n'Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ

Nkeji nke 1st Motorized Regiment nke 1st Tank Division na Eastern ihu; oge okpomọkụ 1942

N'ime ndị mmekọ German na-alụ ọgụ na Eastern Front n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Royal Hungarian Army - Magyar Királyi Homvédség (MKH) weghaara ndị agha kacha ibu agha. Na mgbakwunye, alaeze Hungary nwere ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike imepụta na imepụta ngwa agha (ma ewezuga na naanị ala-eze Italy nwere ike ime nke a).

Na June 1920, 325, e debanyere nkwekọrịta udo n'etiti Hungary na steeti Entente na Grant-Trianon Palace na Versailles. Ọnọdụ ndị Hungary nyere iwu siri ike: mpaghara obodo ahụ gbadara site na 93 ruo 21 puku km², na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na 8 ruo nde 35. Hungary aghaghị ịkwụ ụgwọ nkwụghachi agha, amachibidoro ha ịnọgide na-enwe ndị agha nke ihe karịrị 1920 mmadụ. ndị isi na ndị agha, nwere ndị agha ikuku, ndị agha mmiri na ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha, na ọbụna wuo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ. Isi mkpa nke gọọmentị Hungarian niile bụ ịtụgharị uche na ndokwa nke nkwekọrịta ahụ ma ọ bụ jụ ha n'otu akụkụ. Kemgbe October XNUMX, n'ụlọ akwụkwọ niile, ụmụ akwụkwọ ekpeela ekpere ndị mmadụ: Ekwenyere m na Chineke / ekwere m na Motherland / m kwenyere na ikpe ziri ezi / ekwenyere m na Mbilite n'ọnwụ nke Old Hungary.

Site na ụgbọ ala ndị agha na tankị - ndị mmadụ, atụmatụ na igwe

Nkwekọrịta nke Trianon kwere ka ndị uwe ojii Hunga nwere ụgbọ ala agha. Na 1922, ha dị mmadụ iri na abụọ. Na 1928, ndị Hungarian agha malitere mmemme nke teknụzụ modernization nke ngwá agha na ngwá agha, gụnyere guzobe nke armored nkeji. A zụtara tankettes Carden atọ nke British Carden-Lloyd Mk IV, tankị ọkụ Fiat 3000B Italiantali ise, tankị m / 21-29 Swedish isii na ọtụtụ ụgbọ ala agha. Ọrụ iji kwadebe ndị agha Hungary na ngwa agha agha malitere na mmalite 30s, ọ bụ ezie na mbụ ha gụnyere naanị nkwadebe nke ọrụ na ụdị ụgbọ ala ndị agha.

Nnye ụgbọ ala Csaba ọhụrụ na-aga n'ihu na nkeji ahịrị; 1940

Ọrụ abụọ mbụ ahụ bụ onye injinia Hungarian Miklos Straussler (na-ebi na UK) na-ekere òkè na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke osisi Weiss Manfred na Budapest. Emebere ha na ndabere nke ụgbọ ala Alvis AC I na AC II. N'iji ihe nchoputa sitere na nyocha nke ugbo ala a zụtara na UK, ndi agha Hungarian nyere iwu ka emeziwanye ugbo ala agha Alvis AC II, nke 39M Csaba. Ha ji egbe mgbochi tankị 20 mm na egbe igwe 8 mm. Ụgbọ ala 61 nke mbụ hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ Weiss Manfred n'otu afọ ahụ. E nyere ụgbọ ala 32 ọzọ iwu na 1940, nke iri na abụọ n'ime ha dị na nsụgharị iwu, bụ ebe redio abụọ dị ike dochie isi ngwa agha. Ya mere, ụgbọ ala ndị agha Csaba ghọrọ akụrụngwa ọkọlọtọ maka nkeji nyocha Hungarian. Ọtụtụ ụgbọ ala nke ụdị a kwụsịrị na ndị uwe ojii. Otú ọ dị, o bughị n’obi ịkwụsị ebe ahụ.

Site na mmalite nke 30s, a na-eleghararịrị ndokwa nke Trianon Treaty on disarmament anya n'ihu ọha, na 1934 30 L3 / 33 tankettes si Italy, na 1936 e nyere iwu maka 110 tankettes na ọhụrụ, mma L3/ Ụdị 35. Site n'ịzụta ihe ndị ọzọ, ndị agha Hungarian nwere ụgbọ mmiri ndị Ịtali mere 151, bụ ndị e kesara n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ asaa e kenyere ndị agha ịnyịnya na ndị agha ụgbọ ala. Ọzọkwa na 1934, a zụtara a ọkụ tank PzKpfw IA (nọmba ndebanye aha H-253) na Germany maka ule. Na 1936, Hungary nwetara naanị tankị ọkụ, Landsverk L-60, sitere na Sweden maka nnwale. N'afọ 1937, gọọmentị Hungarian kpebiri ileghara nkwekọrịta mkpochapụ kpamkpam anya wee malite atụmatụ "Hub I" iji gbasaa na imeziwanye ndị agha. Ọ tụrụ anya, karịsịa, iwebata ụgbọ ala ọhụrụ na-ebu agha na mmepe nke tank. Na 1937, a bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ịmalite mmepụta nke tankị na Hungary n'okpuru ikikere Swedish.

Nnwale nke tankị ọkụ Landsverk L-60 zụtara na Sweden; 1936

Na Machị 5, 1938, Prime Minister nke gọọmentị Hungary kwupụtara “Programm Győr,” nke tụrụ anya mmepe dị ukwuu nke ụlọ ọrụ agha ụlọ. N'ime afọ ise, a ga-eji nchikota otu ijeri pengö (ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke mmefu ego kwa afọ) mee ihe maka ndị agha, bụ́ nke a ga-eji nde 600 n'ime ya mee ihe kpọmkwem maka mgbasawanye nke ndị agha Hungary. Nke a pụtara mgbasawanye ngwa ngwa na imeziwanye ndị agha. Ndị agha ahụ ga-anata, tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, ụgbọ elu, ngwa agha, ndị agha paratroops, ụgbọ mmiri mmiri na ngwa agha. A ghaghị imepụta ngwá ọrụ ahụ n'ime ụlọ ma ọ bụ zụta ya site na mgbazinye ego sitere na Germany na Ịtali. N’afọ e nakweere atụmatụ ahụ, ndị agha ahụ dị 85 ndị isi na ndị ikom (250 na 1928), e weghachiri eweghachi ndebanye aha n’afọ abụọ. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, enwere ike ịchịkọta mmadụ 40. ndị nchekwa zụrụ azụ.

Miklos Straussler nwekwara ahụmahụ ụfọdụ n'ichepụta ngwa agha ndị agha, a nwalere tankị V-3 na V-4 maka ndị agha Hungary, mana ọ tụfuru nro maka ụgbọ ala ndị agha na tankị Swedish L-60. Onye injinia German Otto Marker mepụtara nke a wee nwale ya site na June 23 ruo Julaị 1, 1938 na ogige ọzụzụ Heimasker na Varpalota. Mgbe emechara ule ahụ, General Grenadiy-Novak tụrụ aro imepụta iberibe iri isii na anọ iji kwado ụlọ ọrụ anọ, nke a ga-ekenye ya na brigades abụọ nwere moto na ndị agha ịnyịnya abụọ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a kwadoro tank a maka mmepụta dị ka 64M Toldi. Ná nzukọ e nwere na September 38, 2 na Ministri Agha na ndị nnọchiteanya MAVAG na Ganz, e mere mgbanwe ụfọdụ na ọrụ mbụ ahụ. E kpebiri iji tankị 1938-mm 36M (akwụkwọ ikike Solothurn), nke nwere ike ịgba ọkụ na ọkụ ọkụ nke 20-15 gburugburu kwa nkeji. Awụnyere egbe Gebauer 20/34 37 mm n'ime akpa ahụ.

Ihe ngosi nke tank agha mbụ nke ndị agha Hungarian - Toldi; 1938

N'ihi n'eziokwu na ndị Hungary enweghị ahụmahụ n'ịmepụta tankị, nkwekọrịta mbụ maka ụgbọ ala 80 Toldi dị ntakịrị oge. A ga-azụrịrị ihe ụfọdụ sitere na Sweden na Germany, gụnyere. Büssing-MAG engines. Ewuru igwe ndị a n'ụlọ ọrụ MAVAG. A kwadebere ha na tankị 80 mbụ Toldi. N’ihi ya, ụgbọ ala mbụ nke ụdị a kpọpụrụ n’ahịrị mgbakọ ahụ na March 1940. A họpụtara tankị nwere nọmba ndebanye aha H-301 ruo H-380 ka Toldi I, nwere nọmba ndebanye aha H-381 ruo H-490 yana dị ka Toldi II. . Ewubere nkeji iri anọ mbụ na ụlọ ọrụ MAVAG, nke fọdụrụ na Gantz. Nnyefe sitere n'April 40, 13 ruo May 1940, 14. N'ihe banyere tankị Toldi II, ọnọdụ ahụ dị otú ahụ; e mepụtara ụgbọ ala nwere nọmba ndebanye aha site na N-1941 ruo N-381 na ụlọ ọrụ MAVAG, na site na N- 422 ruo H-424 na Gantz.

Agha mbụ (1939-1941)

Ojiji mbụ nke agha Hungarian mere mgbe Nzukọ Munich gasịrị (September 29-30, 1938), mgbe e nyere ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Slovakia - Transcarpathian Rus' na Hungary; 11 km² nke ala nke nwere puku mmadụ 085 bi na ebe ndịda nke Slovakia e hiwere ọhụrụ - 552 km² nke puku mmadụ 1700 bi. Na-ekere òkè na ọrụ nke ókèala a, karịsịa, brigade 70nd motorized na platoon nke tankị ọkụ Fiat 2B na ụlọ ọrụ atọ nke L3000/3 tankettes, yana 35st na 1nd cavalry brigades nke nwere ụlọ ọrụ anọ nke L2/3. tankettes. Ndị otu ndị agha sonyere na ọrụ a site na Machị 35 ruo 17, 23. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Hungaria nwetara mfu nke mbụ ha n'oge mwakpo ikuku Slovak na convoy dị nso na Lower Rybnitsa na Machị 1939, mgbe Colonel Vilmos Orosváry sitere na batalion nyocha nke 24nd Motorized Brigade nwụrụ. Enyere ọtụtụ ndị otu ngalaba agha, gụnyere: Capt. Tibot Karpathy, Lieutenant Laszlo Beldi na Corp. Istvan Feher. Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Germany na Ịtali bịara pụta ìhè n'oge a; Ka mba ndị a na-enwekwu mmasị n'ebe ndị Hungary nọ, otú ahụ ka agụụ ha na-abawanye.

gendarme ndị Hungary dị nso na tankị LT-35 Czechoslovakia mebiri emebi; 1939

Na Machị 1, 1940, Hungary hiwere ndị agha atọ (1st, 2nd na 3rd). Nke ọ bụla n’ime ha nwere ụlọ atọ. E mekwara otu ndị Carpathian nọọrọ onwe ha. Na mkpokọta, ndị agha Hungaria nwere ozu iri na abụọ. Asaa n'ime ha, yana mpaghara corps, ka e sitere na brigades agwakọta na November 12, 1; VIII Corps na Transcarpathian Rus', Septemba 1938, 15; IX Corps na Northern Transylvania (Transylvania) 1939 Septemba 4 Ndị agha ụgbọ ala na mkpagharị nke Hungarian Army nwere brigades ise: 1940st na 1nd Cavalry Brigades na 2st na 1nd Motorized Brigades, hiwere na 2 October 1. , na 1938st Reserve. E kere ndị agha agha na May 1, 1. Ndị agha ịnyịnya nke ọ bụla nwere ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka njikwa, otu ndị agha ogbunigwe nke ịnyịnya, otu ndị agha ogbunigwe moto, ngalaba ọgba tum tum abụọ, ụlọ ọrụ tankị, ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala na-ebu agha, otu ndị na-eme nchọpụta moto, na ndị agha nyochagharị bọmbụ abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ (ndị agha ahụ nwere otu ụgbọ ala). ụlọ ọrụ egbe igwe na ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha ịnyịnya atọ). Ndị brigade moto nwere otu ihe mejupụtara ya, mana kama usoro agha hussar, o nwere otu batalion atọ nwere egbe egbe.

N'August 1940, ndị Hungary banyere n'ókèala ugwu Transylvania, Romania weghaara. Mgbe ahụ, agha fọrọ nke nta ka ọ daa. Ndị ọrụ izugbe Hungary wepụtara ụbọchị mwakpo ahụ maka August 29, 1940. Otú ọ dị, n'oge ikpeazụ, ndị Romania tụgharịrị na Germany na Ịtali maka ogbugbo. Ndị Hunga nwere mmeri ọzọ, na enweghị mwụfu ọbara. Mpaghara nke 43 km² nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nde mmadụ 104 ka etinyere na obodo ha. Na Septemba 2,5, ndị agha Hungarian banyere Transylvania, bụ nke ikpe ikpe nyere ikike. Ha gụnyere, karịsịa, 1940st na 1nd Cavalry Brigades na 2 Toldi tankị.

Otu onye agha Hungarian, nke nwere tankị L3/35 nke Italy, na-abanye na Transcarpathian Rus'; 1939

Iwu ndị Hungary bịarutere na nkwubi okwu bụ na ihe mbụ kacha mkpa bụ ịkwadebe ndị agha na ngwa agha. Ya mere, a gbasaa ọrụ niile metụtara iwusi ndị agha agha ike na nhazigharị ndị agha. Ụgbọ mmiri Toldi ejirila brigad anọ na-eje ozi. Mmepụta ha were ogologo oge karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya. Ruo October 1940, brigades anọ ahụ nwere naanị otu ụlọ ọrụ nke tankị 18 nke Toldi. Mgbanwe nke 9th na 11th battalions ndị na-akwagharị onwe ha gaa n'ọgbọ agha malitere, nke ga-abụ ihe ndabere maka ịmepụta brigade mbụ nke Hungary. Ọnụ ọgụgụ tankị na mkpọsa a gbakwara site na ụgbọ ala 18 ruo 23. Usoro nke tankị Toldi ejirila nkeji 110 abawanyela. A ga-ewu ha n'etiti Mee 1941 na Disemba 1942. A na-akpọ usoro nke abụọ a Toldi II ma dị iche na usoro nke gara aga karịsịa n'iji ihe ndị Hungary na akụrụngwa. Hungary bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nke atọ (Germany, Italy na Japan) na Septemba 27, 1940.

Ndị agha Hungarian sonyere na mbuso agha Germany, Italy na Bulgaria megide Yugoslavia na 1941. Ndị agha nke atọ (ọchịagha: General Elmer Nowak-Gordoni), nke gụnyere General László Horváth's IV Corps na General Soltan Deklev's First Corps, ka ekenyere na mkpasu iwe. Ndị agha Hungaria bukwasara ndị otu Rapid Reaction Corps nke emere ọhụrụ (ọchịagha: General Béli Miklós-Dalnoki), nke nwere brigades abụọ nwere moto na ndị agha ịnyịnya abụọ. Ndị na-agba ọsọ dị elu nọ n'etiti nhazi nke batalion ọhụrụ (ụlọ ọrụ abụọ). N'ihi nchịkọta ngwa ngwa na enweghị ngwa agha, ọtụtụ nkeji eruteghị ebe ha na-anọkarị; ọmụmaatụ, 3nd motorized brigade na-efunahụ tankị Toldi 2, ugbo ala Chaba 10, ọgba tum tum 8 na ụgbọ ala 135 ndị ọzọ. E bugara atọ n'ime ndị agha brigad ndị a ibuso Yugoslavia agha; Nke 21st na 1nd motorized brigades (2 Toldi tankị na mkpokọta) na 54nd ndị agha brigade gụnyere ụgbọ agha reconnaissance battalion nwere ụlọ ọrụ L2 / 3/33 tankettes (35 iberibe), ụlọ ọrụ tank Toldi (pcs 18.) Na ngwa agha. ụgbọ ala sitere na ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala Csaba. Mgbasa ozi Yugoslavia nke 18 bụ akara mpụta mbụ nke ụgbọ ala ndị agha agha ọhụrụ n'ime ndị agha Hungary. N'oge mkpọsa a, ọgụ mbụ buru ibu nke ndị agha Hungary mere.

Cadets nke Hungarian Military Academy of Empress Louis (Magyar Királyi Hond Ludovika Akadémia) na usoro nke ịnata ụgbọ ala agha ọhụrụ.

Ndị Hungary tụfuru ụgbọ ala mgbagha mbụ ha n'April 11, 1941, ogbunigwe mebiri emebi nke L3/35, na Eprel 13, na nso Szenttamas (Srbobran), ụgbọ ala Csaba abụọ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala nke 2nd Cavalry Brigade. e bibiri. Ha wakporo ogige ndị iro na-enweghị nkwado ngwa agha, ndị iro 37 mm egbe mgbochi tankị wepụrụ ha ngwa ngwa n'agha ahụ. Otu n'ime ndị agha isii ahụ nwụrụ anwụ bụ obere onye ọchịagha. Laszlo Beldi. N'otu ụbọchị ahụ, nke asaa armored ụgbọ ala nwụkwara; ọ bụ ọzọ ọchịagha nke Chaba Command ụgbọ ala, platoon ọchịagha Lieutenant Andor Alexei, onye a gbagburu n'ihu Yugoslav uwe ojii nyefere, onye jisiri ike zoo egbe. N'April 13, ụgbọ ala Csaba gbakere nke si n'aka ndị agha nyocha nke 1st motorized brigade dakọtara na kọlụm moto nke ndị agha Yugoslavia n'akụkụ obodo Dunagalos (Glozhan) n'oge a na-eche nche. Ndị na-arụ ụgbọ ala ahụ gbawara ndị njem ahụ ma kpụrụ ọtụtụ ndị mkpọrọ.

N'ịbụ ndị na-eme njem kilomita 5, otu ndị ọrụ ahụ zutere otu ìgwè ndị iro nke ndị na-agba ígwè, bụ nke e bibirikwa. Ọzọ 8 km n'ebe ndịda nke Petroc (Bacchi Petrovac) ndị na-eche nche nke otu n'ime Yugoslavia regiments zutere. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ egbughị oge ogologo oge. E si na mgbọ dị milimita 20 meghee oké ọkụ, na-akụtu ndị agha ndị iro n'ala. Mgbe otu awa nke ọgụ gasịrị, ihe mgbochi niile mebiri. Onye ọchịagha ụgbọ ala mgbagha, Cpl. Enyere János Tóth ihe nrite ndị agha Hungary kacha elu, ihe nrite ọla edo maka Valor. Ọ bụghị naanị onye uwe ojii a na-arụ ọrụ abụghị onye batara n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị agha Hungarian na mkpụrụedemede ọla edo. N'April 1500, Captain Geza Möszoli na Toldi tank squadron jidere ndị agha Yugoslav 14 na nso Titel. N'ime ụbọchị abụọ nke ọgụ ya na ndị na-alaghachi azụ nke ngalaba Yugoslavia (April 13-14) na mpaghara obodo Petrec (Bacchi Petrovac), Brigade 1st Motorized Rifle furu efu 6 gburu na 32 merụrụ ahụ, na-ewere ya. Ndị mkpọrọ 3500 na ịnakọta nnukwu akụrụngwa na akụrụngwa.

Maka ndị agha Hungarian, mkpọsa Yugoslavia nke 1941 bụ ule mbụ siri ike nke ngwá agha ndị agha, ọkwa nke ọzụzụ nke ndị ọrụ na ndị isi ha, na nhazi nke ntọala nke mobile units. N'April 15, e kenyere ndị brigades moto nke Fast Corps na otu ndị agha German nke General von Kleist. Ngalaba dị iche iche malitere ịzọ ije site na Baranja gawa Serbia. N'echi ya, ha gabiga osimiri Drava wee weghara Eshek. Ha gawazie na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'ebe dị n'etiti osimiri Danube na Sava, gawa Belgrade. Ndị Hungary were Viunkovci (Vinkovci) na Sabac. Ka ọ na-erule mgbede nke Eprel 16, ha bukwara Valjevo (kilomita 50 n'ime mpaghara Serbia). N'April 17, mkpọsa megide Yugoslavia kwụsịrị na ntọhapụ ya. E jikọtara mpaghara Bačka (Vojvodina), Baranja, yana Medimuria na Prekumria na Hungary; ngụkọta nke 11 km², ebe obibi nke 474 bi (1% Hungary). Ndị meriri kpọpụtara mpaghara ndị ahụ “Ebe Ndịda Ndịda enwetara”.

Otu nkeji ezumike maka ndị ọrụ ụgbọ ala "Csaba" na-ebu agha n'oge mgbasa ozi Yugoslavia nke 1941.

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1941, o doro anya na mgbanwe nke ndị agha Hungarian na-arụpụta ihe a na-ahụ anya, ọ gụnyekwara 600 puku mmadụ. Otú ọ dị, ndị isi na ndị agha enwebeghị ike imeziwanye ọnọdụ ngwá agha nke ọma, dịka a na-edobeghị nchekwa, enweghị ụgbọ elu ọgbara ọhụrụ, ụgbọ elu na mgbochi tankị na tankị.

Ruo June 1941, ndị agha Hungary nwere tankị ọkụ Toldi 85 na njikere ịlụ ọgụ. N'ihi ya, ndị agha 9th na 11th armored battalions nwere ụlọ ọrụ tankị abụọ nke ọ bụla, na mgbakwunye, ezughị ezu, ebe ọ bụ na naanị ụgbọ ala 18 dị na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Otu batalion nke ọ bụla nke ndị agha ịnyịnya nwere tankị Toldi asatọ. Kemgbe 1941, ọrụ na-emepụta tankị agbagoro ngwa ngwa, ebe ọ bụ na Hungary enweghịzi ibubata ihe ọ bụla na akụkụ. Otú ọ dị, ka ọ dị ugbu a, mgbasa ozi kpuchiri adịghị ike ndị a site n’ịkụzi ozizi nke ndị agha na ndị nkịtị, na-akpọ ndị agha nke ndị agha Hungary “ndị kasị mma n’ụwa.” Na 1938-1941 ad. Hort, site na nkwado nke Hitler, jisiri ike gbanwee ihe mgbochi nke Treaty of Trianon fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'enweghị agha. Mgbe ndị Jamanị meriri Czechoslovakia, ndị Hungaria weghaara ndịda Slovakia na Transcarpathian Rus, ma mechaa n'ebe ugwu Transylvania. Mgbe ndị ọchịchị Axis wakporo Yugoslavia, ha weghaara akụkụ nke Banat. Ndị Hungary "tọhapụrụ" nde mmadụ 2 nke ndị obodo ha, na ókèala nke alaeze mụbara ruo 172 puku. km². Ọnụahịa maka nke a aghaghị ịdị elu - ikere òkè na agha na USSR.

Ọzụzụ nke ndị agha Hungarian na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị agha; Toldi tank na ụdị iwu, Mee 1941

Ịbanye hell - USSR (1941)

Hungary banyere agha megide USSR naanị na June 27, 1941, n'okpuru nrụgide siri ike sitere na Germany na mgbe ebubo ebubo Soviet mbuso agha na Hungarian Kosice. Ruo taa, a chọpụtabeghị nke ọma na ụgbọ elu ndị tụrụ bọmbụ n'obodo ahụ. Mkpebi a nwetara nkwado dị ukwuu site n'aka ndị Hungary. The Fast Corps (ọchịagha: General Béla Miklós) so na ọgụ ahụ yana Wehrmacht, nke nwere brigades atọ nwere tanket 60 L/35 na tankị 81 Toldi, bụ akụkụ nke 1st Motorized Brigade (Gen. Jeno) Major. , Battalion 9th tank), 2nd Motorized Brigade (General Janos Vörös, 11th Armored Battalion) na 1st Cavalry Brigade (General Antal Wattay, 1st Armored Cavalry Battalion). Ndị agha ọ bụla nwere ụlọ ọrụ atọ, ngụkọta nke ụgbọ ala 54 (20 L3/35 tankettes, tanket Toldi 20, ụgbọ ala Csaba na ụgbọ ala abụọ maka ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla - tankettes na tankị). Otú ọ dị, ọkara nke ngwá ọrụ nke ngalaba agha nke ndị agha ịnyịnya bụ L3/35 wedges. Ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla No. 1 nọgidere na azụ dị ka ebe nchekwa. Ndị agha Hungaria n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nwere tankị 81, tankettes 60 na ụgbọ ala 48 agha. Ndị Hungary nọ n'okpuru iwu nke German Army Group South. N'akụkụ aka nri ha bụ ndị otu Panzer Group nke mbụ, ndị agha nke isii na nke iri na asaa, na akụkụ aka ekpe nke ndị agha Romania nke atọ na nke anọ na ndị agha German nke iri na otu.

Nimrọd bụ egbe kacha mma mgbochi ụgbọ elu nke ndị agha Hungarian; 1941 (a na-ejikwa ya dị ka onye na-ebibi tankị).

Njem nke otu Carpathian, nke gụnyere Fast Corps, malitere na June 28, 1941, na-echeghị njedebe nke ntinye uche na ntinye nke ndị agha ahụ, nke malitere ịlụ ọgụ na nku aka nri na July 1, 1941. Ebumnuche bụ isi nke ngalaba Fast Corps bụ ijide Nadvorets, Delatin, Kolomyia na Snyatyn. Ndị brigade nke abụọ moto mere Delatin na Julaị 2, na ụbọchị nke abụọ Kolomyia na Gorodinka. Ọrụ mbụ nke 2st Motorized Rifle Brigade bụ ikpuchi nku ndịda nke 1nd Motorized Rifle Brigade, onye ndị agha ya lụrụ ọgụ na mpaghara Zalischiki na Goodenka. N'ihi obere ọgụ na ndị Soviet, ọ naghị etinye aka na agha na July 2 gafere Osimiri Dniester na Zaleschiki na-enweghị nnukwu mfu. N'echi ya, 7st Motorized Brigade weghaara obodo nta nke Tluste na Osimiri Seret, na Julaị 1 gafere Osimiri Zbruch na Skala. N'ụbọchị ahụ, ndị òtù Carpathian kwụsịrị. Ụbọchị iri na abụọ a nke ọgụ na-ekpughe ọtụtụ adịghị ike nke "ndị agha a na-apụghị imeri emeri": ọ dị ngwa ngwa ma nwee obere ihe onwunwe na ntọala nkà na ụzụ. Ndị Jamanị kpebiri na ndị Fast Corps ga-alụ agha ọzọ. N'aka nke ọzọ, e zigara brigades ndị agha Hungarian iji kpochapụ n'ime ihe fọdụrụ nke ndị iro e meriri emeri. Ndị Hungary ghọrọ akụkụ nke 9th Army na July 17, 23.

N'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ ala siri ike, ngalaba ndị dị elu nke Fast Corps jisiri ike weghara tankị 10, egbe 12 na gwongworo 13 n'aka ndị iro site na July 12 ruo 11. N'ihe dị ka mgbede nke July 13, n'ugwu ndị dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Filyanovka, ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Toldi malitere mmalite mbụ ha. Ụgbọ ala nke ụlọ ọrụ nke atọ nke 3th armored battalion sitere na 9st moto rifle brigade zutere isi ike nke ndị agha Red Army. tank nke Captain. Mgbọ ogbunigwe bibiri Tibor Karpati, onye ọchịagha merụrụ ahụ, gbuokwa ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri abụọ ọzọ. Ụgbọ mmiri nke ọchịagha batalion, kụpụrụ ma ghara imegharị ya, bụ ihe na-anwa ọnwụnwa ma dị mfe. Ọchịagha nke tankị nke abụọ, Sgt. Pal Habal chọpụtara ọnọdụ a. Ọ bufere gwongworo ya ngwa ngwa n'etiti egbe Soviet na tankị iwu na-adịghị ebugharị. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ ala ya nwara ikpochapụ ebe mgbaba egbe mgbochi tankị, mana o nweghị isi. Ngwa agha ndị Soviet kụkwara tankị Sajent ahụ. Habala. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nke mmadụ atọ nwụrụ. N'ime ụgbọ mmiri isii ahụ, ọ bụ naanị otu onye dị ndụ, Cpt. Karpathy. N'agbanyeghị mfu ndị a, ụgbọ ala ndị fọdụrụ nke ndị agha ụbọchị ahụ bibiri egbe atọ nke mgbochi tank, na-aga n'ihu na njem ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ikpeazụ weghara Filyanovka. Mgbe agha a gasịrị, mfu nke ụlọ ọrụ 1rd ruru 3% nke steeti - gụnyere. Egburu ndị ọrụ tankị asatọ ma mebie tankị Toldi isii.

Ndị tankị Hungary na-abanye n'otu n'ime obodo USSR; Julaị 1941

Ọdịmma dị na imewe Toldi butere ndị nwụrụ karịa ọgụ, na naanị mbufe ngwa ngwa yana igwe igwe ọzọ na Julaị 14 doziri nsogbu ahụ. A gbalịkwara iji dochie ihe mfuru akụrụngwa. Tinyere ogbe a, e zigara tankị Toldi II 14, ụgbọ ala Csaba 9 na tankị 5 L3 / 35 (batch ahụ rutere naanị na October 7, mgbe Rapid corps dị nso na Krivoy Rog na Ukraine). Ezigbo ikiri ụkwụ Achilles bụ injin, nke na n'August naanị tankị 57 Toldi na-arụ ọrụ. Mfu na-eto ngwa ngwa, ndị agha Hungary adịghịkwa njikere maka nke a. Ka o sina dị, ndị agha Hungarian nọgidere na-enwe ihe ịga nke ọma n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, karịsịa n'ihi nkwadebe dị mma.

Ụgbọ ala ndị agha Hungarian Operational Corps na Ukraine; Julaị 1941

Obere oge ka e mesịrị, e nyere ndị agha nke 1st Motorized Brigade na 1st Cavalry Brigade ọrụ ka ha mebie Stalin Line. Ndị mbụ wakporo bụ ndị agha nke 1st motorized brigade na Dunaevtsy, na July 19, ha jisiri ike gafere ebe ndị e wusiri ike na mpaghara Bar. N'oge agha ndị a ruo July 22, ha mebiri ma ọ bụ bibie 21 Soviet tankị, ugbo ala 16 na egbe 12. Maka ihe ịga nke ọma a, ndị Hungarian kwụrụ ụgwọ na ọnwụ nke 26 gburu, 60 merụrụ ahụ na 10 na-efu, ụgbọ ala 15 na-ebu agha nwetara mmebi dị iche iche - n'ime 12 telli, a rụziri asaa. Na July 24, 2nd Motorized Rifle Brigade bibiri ụgbọ ala ndị iro 24, weghaara egbe 8 ma chụpụ ọgụ siri ike nke Red Army na mpaghara Tulchin-Bratslav. Na nke mbụ kemgbe mmalite mkpọsa ahụ, ndị agha Hungarian na-ebu ndị agha, ma ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Toldi na ụgbọ ala Csaba, bibiri ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ụgbọ ala agha ndị iro, ọkachasị tankị ọkụ na ụgbọ ala agha. A ghaghị ịnakwere, Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ihe mgbochi tank na mgbochi ụgbọ elu ebibi. N'agbanyeghị ihe ịga nke ọma mbụ ha nwere, ndị agha brigade rapaara na nnukwu apịtị n'okporo ụzọ Gordievka. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ndị agha Red Army malitere ịlụ ọgụ. Ndị agha ndị agha Romania si na 3rd Cavalry Division ga-akwado Hungary, ma ha laghachiri azụ n'okpuru nrụgide ndị iro. Ndị agha Hungarian 2nd Motorized Brigade nọ na nnukwu nsogbu. Ndị agha ndị agha ji ngwá agha lụso agha ọgụ n’akụkụ aka nri, ma ndị Soviet ekweghị ekwe. N'ọnọdụ dị otú a, ọchịagha nke ndị agha na-agba ọsọ tụbara n'enyemaka nke 11th armored battalion nke 1st motorized égbè brigade na 1st armored battalion nke 1st cavalry brigade, na-esi n'azụ na-ekpuchi ụgbọ agha nke abụọ. N'ikpeazụ, site na July 2, ndị Hungary jisiri ike kpochapụ ebe ndị agha iro. Mwakpo ahụ gara nke ọma, mana enweghị nhazi, na-enweghị ngwa agha ma ọ bụ nkwado ikuku. N’ihi ya, ndị Hungary nwere nnukwu mfu.

Ebe n'azụ Eastern Front n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1941: traktọ KV-40 na Chaba armored ụgbọ ala.

N'oge agha ahụ, 18 L3/35 tankettes sitere na 1st Cavalry Brigade furu efu. N'ikpeazụ, e kpebiri ịdọrọ ụdị ngwá ọrụ a n'ihu ihu. Ka oge na-aga, ndị uwe ojii na ndị gendarmerie ji wedges mee ihe maka ọzụzụ, na 1942 e rerekwa ụfọdụ n’ime ha nye ndị agha Croatia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị nke ọnwa ahụ, ebelatala ọnọdụ ọgụ nke ndị agha tankị na nha ụlọ ọrụ. Site na Julaị 2 ruo Julaị 22, Brigade nke abụọ Motorized naanị 29 gburu, 104 merụrụ ahụ, 301 na-efu na tankị 10 bibiri ma ọ bụ mebie. Na agha maka Gordievka, ndị uwe ojii ozu nke armored nkeji tara ahụhụ karịsịa nnukwu ọnwụ - ise ndị ọrụ nwụrụ (nke asatọ nwụrụ na Russian mkpọsa nke 32). Ọgụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ a na-alụ maka Gordievka bụ ihe àmà na-egosi na e gburu Lieutenant Ferenc Antalfi sitere na Battalion nke 1941 nke tankị n'ọgụ aka na aka. Ọ nwụkwara, na ndị ọzọ, Lieutenant nke abụọ András Sötöry na Lieutenant Alfred Szöke.

N'August 5, 1941, ndị Hungary ka nwere tankị Toldi dị njikere ịlụ ọgụ 43, 14 ndị ọzọ na-adọkpụ na traktị, 14 nọ n'ụlọ ahịa ndozi, 24 bibiri kpamkpam. N'ime ụgbọ ala ndị agha Csaba 57, ọ bụ nanị 20 rụrụ ọrụ, a na-arụzi 13, e zighachikwara 20 na Poland maka ịrụzi nnukwu ihe. Naanị ụgbọ ala Csaba anọ ka ebibiri kpamkpam. N'ụtụtụ nke August 6, n'ebe ndịda nke Umaniya, e zigara ụgbọ ala abụọ nke Chaba sitere na 1st Cavalry Brigade maka nyocha na mpaghara Golovanevsk. Otu onye nche ahụ, nke nọ n'okpuru iwu László Meres, bụ ịmụ banyere ọnọdụ dị n'ógbè ahụ. Iwu nke Speed ​​​​Corps maara na ọtụtụ ndị agha Soviet na-agbalị imebi gburugburu ebe a. Ka ha na-aga Golovanevsk, ụgbọ ala ndị ahụ na-ebu agha na ndị agha ịnyịnya abụọ na-agbakọ, ma akụkụ abụọ ahụ amataghị ibe ha.

Nnyefe n'ime obodo nke tankị ọkụ ọhụrụ Toldi (nke dị n'ihu) na ụgbọ ala Csaba maka mkpa nke ahịrị ihu; 1941

Ndị Hungary kweere na mbụ na ndị a bụ ndị agha na-agba ịnyịnya Romania, ma ndị agha ịnyịnya ahụ amataghị ụdị ụgbọ ala agha. Naanị n'ebe dị nso ka ndị ọrụ ụgbọ ala Hungary nụrụ na ndị na-agba ha na-asụ Russian nakwa na a na-ahụ kpakpando na-acha uhie uhie na okpu ha. Csaba meghere nnukwu ọkụ ozugbo. Naanị ndị agha ịnyịnya ole na ole sitere na ndị otu Cossack abụọ lanarịrị. Ụgbọ ala abụọ a na-ebu agha, na-akpọrọ ndị mkpọrọ abụọ nke agha, gawa n'akụkụ nke kacha nso, nke bụ kọlụm na-ebubata ndị Germany. A hapụrụ ndị mkpọrọ ahụ n'ebe ahụ ruo mgbe a ga-agba ya ajụjụ ọnụ. O doro anya na ọ bụ ihe ziri ezi iche na ọtụtụ ndị agha Soviet chọrọ ịbanye n'otu mpaghara ebe ndị agha Hungary gburu ndị na-agba ịnyịnya.

Ndị Hungary laghachiri n'otu ebe ahụ. Ọzọkwa, Horus Meresh na ndị nọ n'okpuru ya chọtara gwongworo 20 na ndị agha Red Army. Site n'ebe dị anya nke 30-40 m, ndị Hungary meghere ọkụ. Ugbo ala mbụ gbara ọkụ n'ime olulu. Ogidi ndị iro ahụ weere na mberede. Ndị agha Hungary mebiri kọlụm ahụ kpamkpam, na-ebute ihe nhụsianya na-egbu mgbu na ndị agha Red Army na-aga n'akụkụ ya. Ndị lanarịrị ọkụ na-egbu egbu na ndị agha Red Army ndị ọzọ, bụ ndị si n'otu ụzọ ahụ agha ahụ na-aga n'ihu, gbalịrị ịbanye n'ihu n'okporo ụzọ ahụ, mana ụgbọ ala abụọ ndị Hungary gbochiri ha. N'oge na-adịghị anya ụgbọ mmiri ndị iro abụọ pụtara n'okporo ụzọ, ikekwe T-26. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ ala Hungary abụọ ahụ gbanwere mgboagha ha wee gbanye egbe 20-mm ka ọ gbaa n'ụgbọ ala agha. Agha ahụ dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma, ma mgbe ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ gasịrị, otu n'ime tankị Soviet chụpụrụ n'okporo ụzọ, ndị ọrụ ya gbahapụrụ ya wee pụọ n'anya. Edepụtara ụgbọ ala ahụ ka Corporal Meresh mebiri. N'oge ọkụ ọkụ a, ụgbọ ala ya mebiri emebi, na iberibe mgbọ a gbara n'ime egbe T-45 nke 26mm merụrụ ahụ onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri gbadara n'isi. Ọchịagha ahụ kpebiri ịpụ, buru nwoke ahụ merụrụ ahụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ. N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, tankị Soviet nke abụọ laghachiri azụ.

Hungarian Toldi tankị na ókèala nke USSR; oge okpomọkụ 1941

Ụgbọ ala nke abụọ nke Csaba nọgidere n'ọgbọ agha wee gaa n'ihu na-agba ọkụ na ndị agha Red Army na-abịaru nso, na-egbochi ụfọdụ n'ime mwakpo obi ike ha ruo mgbe ndị agha Hungarian rutere nso. N’ụbọchị ahụ, n’agha were awa atọ, ndị ọrụ ụgbọ ala abụọ nke Csaba gbawara agbagharị 12 000 mm na okirikiri 8 720 mm. Ebuliri Ensign Meres ka ọ bụrụ ọkwa nke abụọ ma nye ya ihe nrite onye ọrụ ọla edo maka obi ike. Ọ bụ onye isi nke atọ nke ndị agha Hungaria nwetara ihe nrite a dị elu. Onye isi ụgbọ nke abụọ nke Csaba, Sgt. Laszlo Czernicki, n'aka nke ya, e nyere nnukwu nrite ọla ọcha maka obi ike.

Site n'afọ iri nke abụọ nke July 1941, ọ bụ naanị ndị agha nke Speed ​​​​Corps lụrụ ọgụ n'ihu. Mgbe ị na-abanye na USSR, ndị ọchịagha Hungarian mepụtara usoro ọgụ ọhụrụ, nke nyeere ha aka ịlụ ọgụ megide ndị iro. Ntugharị nke ngalaba na-agba ọsọ dị elu mere n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ. Ndị agha ọgbara ọhụrụ na-aga n'ụzọ dị iche iche yiri ibe ha, a kpọbakwara ndị agha ịnyịnya n'etiti ha. Mwakpo mbụ ndị brigade mere bụ ndị agha nlegharị anya, nke otu ndị agha tankị ọkụ na egbe mgbochi ụgbọ elu 40 mm kwadoro, nke ndị agha sappers, ndị na-ahụ maka okporo ụzọ, batrị ogbunigwe na ụlọ ọrụ egbe na-akwado. Mwakpo nke abụọ bụ otu batalion egbe egbe; Naanị na nke atọ ka ndị isi ndị agha brigade mere.

Units nke Fast Corps lụrụ ọgụ na mpaghara ndịda nke ihu site na Nikolaevka site na Isyum ruo Osimiri Donetsk. Na njedebe nke Septemba 1941, ndị agha ọ bụla nwere ihe agha nwere naanị otu ụlọ ọrụ Toldi, ụgbọ ala 35-40. Ya mere, a na-achịkọta ụgbọ ala niile na-arụ ọrụ n'ime otu batalion ndị agha, nke e kere na ndabere nke 1st armored battalion battalion. A ga-eme ka otu ndị agha brigade a na-akpụ ụgbọ ala ghọọ otu ọgụ. Na November 15, e wepụrụ Fast Corps na Hungary, ebe ọ rutere na January 5, 1942. Maka ikere òkè na Operation Barbarossa, ndị Hungarians kwụrụ na ọnwụ nke mmadụ 4400, tankị L3 niile na 80% nke tankị Toldi, n'ime 95 na-ekere òkè na mgbasa ozi Russia nke 1941: e bibiri ụgbọ ala 25 n'agha, na 62 enweghị ọrụ. ka ọdịda. Ka oge na-aga, e weghachiri ha nile n’ozi. N'ihi ya, na January 1942, naanị 2nd Armored Cavalry Battalion nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke tankị serviceable (iri na otu).

Omume kachasị mma, akụrụngwa ọhụrụ na nhazigharị

Na njedebe nke 1941, ọ bịara doo anya na tank Toldi abaghị uru n'ọgbọ agha, ma e wezụga maka ọrụ nyocha. Ihe agha ahụ dị gịrịgịrị maka ngwa agha mgbochi ndị iro ọ bụla, gụnyere egbe mgbochi 14,5mm, iji wepụ ya n'ọgụ ahụ, ngwa agha ya ezughikwa ọbụna megide ụgbọ ala ndị iro. N'ọnọdụ a, ndị agha Hungaria chọrọ tankị ọhụrụ na-ajụ ase. A tụrụ aro ka imepụta ụgbọ ala Toldi III, nke nwere ihe agha 40 mm yana egbe mgbochi 40 mm. Otú ọ dị, imeziwanye ihe n’oge na n’afọ 12, ọ bụ nanị 1943 ka e bufere tankị ọhụrụ! N'oge ahụ, e wughachiri Toldi II unit na ọkọlọtọ Toldi IIa - na-eji egbe 40 mm na-amụba ihe agha site n'ịgbakwunye efere agha.

Ụgbọ mmiri ndị a kụpụrụ ma mebie nke Fast Corps na-echere ka e ziga ya na ụlọ ọrụ nrụzi obodo; 1941

Nmepụta nke egbe Nimrod 40M ji aka onwe ya mekwara ka ike ọkụ nke nkeji ndị agha Hungaria. Emepụtara atụmatụ a na chassis ka mma nke tankị L-60, Landsverk L-62. A gbakwasịrị egbe mgbochi ụgbọ elu Bofors 40mm, nke emeburu na Hungary, n'elu ikpo okwu agha. Ndị agha nyere iwu prototype na 1938. Mgbe nnwale na mgbanwe, gụnyere. nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri nke nwere mgboagha zuru oke, e debere iwu maka egbe Nimrod 1941 na-ebugharị onwe ya na Ọktoba 26. Atụmatụ ahụ bụ ime ka ha ghọọ ndị na-ebibi tankị, na ọrụ nke abụọ nke iduzi nchebe ikuku. E mechakwara mụbaa iwu ahụ ma ka ọ na-erule 1944, e mepụtala egbe Nimrọd 135.

Egbe Nimrod nke mbụ 46 hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ MAVAG na 1940. E nyere mmadụ 89 ndị ọzọ iwu na 1941. Nke mbụ nwere igwe German Büssing, nke abụọ enweelarị ike nke emere na Hungary na osisi Ganz. A kwadokwara ụdị abụọ ọzọ nke egbe egbe Nimrod: Lehel S - ụgbọ ahụike na Lehel Á - ụgbọ maka sappers. Otú ọ dị, ha abanyeghị na mmepụta.

Emebere tankị ọkara maka ndị agha Hungarian kemgbe 1939. N'oge ahụ, a gwara ụlọ ọrụ Czech abụọ, CKD (Ceskomoravska Kolben Danek, Prague) na Skoda, ka ha kwadebe ihe nlereanya kwesịrị ekwesị. Ndị agha Czechoslovak họọrọ ọrụ CKD V-8-H, nke akpọrọ ST-39, mana ọrụ German nke mba ahụ wetaara mmemme a. Skoda, n'aka nke ya, ewepụtara oru ngo maka S-IIa tank (na S-IIc version maka Hungarian), nke e mesịrị nata aha T-21, na ikpeazụ version - T-22. N'August 1940, ndị agha Hungarian họọrọ ụdị T-22 a gbanwere na ndị ọrụ nke atọ na engine nwere ike kachasị nke 260 hp. (nke Weiss Manfred dere). The isi version nke ọhụrụ Hungarian tank nlereanya e họpụtara 40M Turan I. Hungary natara ikike na-emepụta Czech 17 mm A40 mgbochi tank egbe, ma ọ na-emegharị na-anabata mgboagha maka 40 mm Bofors egbe, ebe ọ bụ na ha na-ama na-emepụta na. Hungary.

Mmezi nke tankị Hungary PzKpfw 38 (t) nke squadron nke mbụ nke ngalaba nke mbụ; oge okpomọkụ 1

The prototype nke Turan tank dị njikere na August 1941. Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na Europe na njedebe 30, ma n'ihe gbasara ngwa agha na ike ọkụ. Ọ dị nwute na ndị Hungarian mgbe tank banyere agha na Ukraine na miri na USSR, ọ dịlarị ala karịa ụgbọ agha ndị iro, tumadi T-34 na tankị KW. Otú ọ dị, n'otu oge ahụ, mgbe obere mgbanwe gasịrị, mmepụta nke Turan m malitere, nke kewara n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ Weiss Manfred, Ganz, MVG (Györ) na MAVAG. Iwu mbụ bụ maka tankị 190, mgbe ahụ na November 1941 ọnụ ọgụgụ ha mụbara ruo 230, na 1942 ruo 254. Site na 1944, e mepụtara tankị Turan 285. Ahụmahụ ọgụ nke Eastern Front gosipụtara ngwa ngwa na egbe 40-mm ezughị, ya mere a na-eji tankị Turan kwadebere ya na egbe 75-mm dị mkpụmkpụ, mmepụta nke malitere ozugbo na 1941. Emechara ụdị tankị a kwadebere na 1942. N'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị agha Hungaria enweghị nnukwu egbe caliber, a na-ekewa tankị ndị a dị ka ibu. Ha ghọrọ akụkụ nke 1st na 2nd tank Divisions na 1st Cavalry Division (1942-1943). Ụgbọ ala a nwere mgbanwe ndị ọzọ.

Hungarian PzKpfw IV Ausf. F1 (ụdị a nwere egbe egbe dị mkpụmkpụ 75mm) ebumnuche na Don; oge okpomọkụ 1942

Otu n'ime ndị kasị ama bụ 41M Turan II. Ekwesịrị ka tankị a bụrụ analog nke ndị Hungary nke German PzKpfw III na PzKpfw IV. MAVAG mepụtara egbe M41 mm 75 nke dabere na egbe 18 mm 76,5M Bohler, mana agbanwere caliber ya ma gbanwee maka ntinye na tank. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na niile modernization ọrụ malitere na 1941, mbụ batches nke Turan II tankị rutere na nkeji na May 1943. Enwere 322 nke ụgbọ ala a. Otú ọ dị, ruo 139, ọ bụ nanị 1944 na-emepụta tankị Turan II.

Ahụmahụ na-egbu mgbu nke ọnwa mbụ nke ịlụ ọgụ n'ihu dugakwara n'ụdị mgbanwe nke tankị Toldi. Ihe atụ 80 (40 Toldi I: H-341 ruo H-380; 40 Toldi II: H-451 ruo H-490) ka e wughachiri na Gantz. Ejiri ha nwere egbe egbe 25 mm L/40 (yiri ọrụ Straussler V-4). A kwadebere tankị Turan I nwere egbe MAVAG 42M 40-mm, nke bụ ụdị mkpụmkpụ nke 41-mm 51M L/40 egbe. Ha na-eji mgboagha Bofors eme egbe na-agba ọsọ nke Nimrod bụ egbe onwe. Na njedebe nke 1942, Ganz osisi kpebiri iwu ọhụrụ version nke Toldi tank na thicker agha na 42 mm 40M egbe si Toldi II tankị. Otú ọ dị, mkpebi e mere n'April 1943 iji mepụta ụgbọ ala Turan II na egbe Zriny nke onwe ya mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụrụ na ọ bụ nanị Toldi III (site na N-1943 ruo N-1944) ka e mepụtara n'etiti 491 na 502. Na 1943, otu ụlọ ọrụ dị na Gantz tụgharịrị Toldi Is itoolu n'ime ụgbọ ala na-ebuga ụmụaka. Usoro a emeghị nke ọma karị, ya mere a rụgharịrị ụgbọ ala ndị a ọzọ, oge a dị ka ụgbọ ala ambulances (gụnyere N-318, 347, 356 na 358). Agbalịkwara ịgbatị ndụ ụgbọ ala Toldi site n'ịgbalị ịmepụta ndị na-emebi tankị site na ha. Ihe omume ndị a mere na 1943-1944. Maka nzube a, a na-etinye egbe German 40-mm Pak 75, na-ekpuchi efere agha n'akụkụ atọ. Otú ọ dị, e mesịrị gbahapụrụ echiche a.

Węgierska 1. DPanc na-aga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ (1942-1943)

Ọnụ ahịa ọgụ nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Hungary masịrị ndị Germany ma nwee ekele maka nkwado nke ndị ọrụ uwe ojii na ndị ikom nke ndị agha ngwa ngwa. Ya mere, ọ bụghị ihe mgbagwoju anya na adm. Horta na iwu Hungarian ka ha ziga n'ihu otu ndị agha agha ewepụrụ na Fast Corps, nke ndị Germany mesoworị ya. Mgbe a na-arụ ọrụ na tank ọhụrụ ahụ, iwu ahụ mere atụmatụ iji mejuputa atụmatụ ịhazigharị ndị agha Hungary iji mee ka ọ dịkwuo mma na ihe ndị Eastern Front chọrọ. Atụmatụ Hub II kpọrọ oku ka e guzobe nkewa tankị abụọ dabere na brigades moto dị adị. N'iburu n'ịmepụta tankị ngwa ngwa, iwu ahụ ghọtara na a manyere ya iji ụgbọ ala ndị mba ọzọ na-ebu agha mejuputa ihe ndị bụ isi nke atụmatụ ahụ na 1942. Otú ọ dị, ego dị ụkọ, n'ihi ya, e kpebiri na a ga-eji tankị si Germany mepụta 1st Panzer Division, na Panzer Division nke abụọ na-eji tankị Hungarian (Turan) ozugbo ọnụọgụ dị.

Ndị German rere tankị ọkụ PzKpfw 102 nye Hungary. 38 (t) na mgbanwe abụọ: F na G (nke a maara dị ka T-38 na ọrụ Hungarian). A napụtara ha site na Nọvemba 1941 ruo Maachị 1942. Ndị Jamanị nyekwara 22 PzKpfw. IV D na F1 nwere egbe mkpirisi 75mm (nkewa dị ka tankị dị arọ). Na mgbakwunye, e nyere tankị iwu 8 PzBefWg I. N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1942, e mechara guzobe ngalaba nke mbụ nke tankị na ndabere nke 1st Motorized Brigade. Nkewa ahụ dị njikere maka agha na March 1, 24, ezubere maka Eastern Front. Nkewa ahụ nwere 1942 PzKpfw 89(t) na 38 PzKpfw IV F22. Ndị Hungary kwụrụ pengo nde 1 maka ụgbọ ala ndị a. Ndị Allies zụkwara ndị ọrụ nkewa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị agha dị na Wünsdorf. Tankị ọhụrụ wee jiri Regiment tankị 80 ọhụrụ banye ọrụ. Nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị agha abụọ ya nwere ihe mgbochi nwere ụlọ ọrụ abụọ nke tankị ọkara nwere tankị Toldi (30st, 1nd, 2th na 4th) na ụlọ ọrụ tankị dị arọ (5rd na 3th) nke nwere ụgbọ ala "Turan". Ndị agha nlegharị anya nke mbụ nwere tankị Toldi iri na anọ na ụgbọ ala Chaba, na ngalaba mbibi tankị 6st (nkewa nke 1st motorized armored artillery division) nwere egbe Nimrod iri na asatọ na tankị Toldi 14. Iji dochie Speed ​​​​Corps, e kere 51st tank Corps na October 51, 18, nke nwere nkebi atọ; Nkeji nke mbụ na nke abụọ nke tankị, ha abụọ nwere moto zuru oke ma jikọta ya na ozu nke 5st Cavalry Division (site na Septemba 1 - 1942st Hussar Division), nke gụnyere battalion tank nke ụlọ ọrụ anọ. Ndị Corp ahụ arụghị ọrụ dị ka nhazi kọmpat.

PzKpfw 38 (t) - Foto e mere n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1942, tupu ebuga tank ahụ na Eastern Front.

Nkeji nke 1st Panzer hapụrụ Hungary na 19 June 1942 wee nọrọ n'okpuru ndị agha Hungarian 2nd na Eastern Front, nke nwere ngalaba ndị agha itoolu. A na-ebufekwa ụlọ ọrụ abụọ ndị ọzọ na-ebu agha, ụlọ ọrụ tankị 101st na 102nd n'ihu, nke kwadoro omume mgbochi nke ndị Hungarian na Ukraine. Nke mbụ nwere tankị French: 15 Hotchkiss H-35 na H39 na ụgbọ mmiri Somua S-35 abụọ, nke abụọ nwere tankị ọkụ Hungary na ụgbọ ala ndị agha.

Ndị Hungarian hụrụ onwe ha n'akụkụ aka ekpe nke ndị Germany na-aga na Stalingrad. Nkeji nke mbụ nke tank malitere njem ọgụ ya na ọgụ dị iche iche na Red Army na Don na July 1, 18 na nso Uriv. Ndị Hungarian 1942th Light Division lụrụ ọgụ na ihe nke 5th Panzer Corps, bụ nke e nyere ọrụ iji chebe isi mmiri aka ekpe na Don. N'oge ahụ, e zighachila tankị Toldi atọ fọdụrụ na Hungary. Ndị ọrụ tankị Hungary banyere n'agha ahụ n'isi ụtụtụ na Julaị 24. Nkeji ole na ole ka ọ malitesịrị, Lieutenant Albert Kovacs, onye ọchịagha nke ụlọ ọrụ 18rd Heavy Tank Company, Captain V. Laszlo Maclarego bibiri T-3. Ka agha ahụ malitere nke ọma, T-34 ọzọ dabara n'aka ndị Hungary. Ọ bịara doo anya ngwa ngwa na tankị ọkụ M34 Stuart (nke sitere na American Lend-Lease ọkọnọ) bụ ebumnuche dị mfe karị.

Ensign Janos Vercseg, onye nta akụkọ agha bụ akụkụ nke ndị ọrụ PzKpfw 38 (t) dere mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị: ... tankị Soviet pụtara n'ihu anyị ... Ọ bụ tankị ọkara [M3 bụ tankị ọkụ, ma site ụkpụrụ nke Hungarian agha e nkewa dị ka a ọkara tank - ihe ruru. ode akwụkwọ] wee gbaa mgbọ abụọ n'akụkụ anyị. Ọ dịghị onye n'ime ha kụrụ anyị, anyị ka dị ndụ! Mgbọ anyị gbara nke abụọ jidere ya!

Ụgbọ njem ụgbọ oloko nke Toldi tank n'ụzọ Carpathians na Eastern Front.

Ana m ekweta na ọgụ ahụ n'onwe ya dị nnọọ obi ọjọọ. Ndị Hungary jisiri ike nweta uru nke ọma n'ọgbọ agha, ha gbochirikwa ịlaghachi azụ nke tankị Soviet gaa n'oké ọhịa. N'oge Agha nke Uriv, nkewa bibiri 21 iro tankị na-enweghị mfu, tumadi T-26 na M3 Stuart, yana ọtụtụ T-34. Ndị Hungary agbakwunyela tankị M3 Stuart anọ ejidere n'ụgbọ mmiri ha.

Mmekọrịta mbụ ya na ndị agha Soviet mere ka ndị Hungary ghọta na egbe 37 mm PzKpfw 38 (t) abaghị uru megide ndị iro (T-34) na tankị dị arọ (KW). Otu ihe ahụ mere na nkeji ndị agha, bụ ndị na-enweghị nchebe megide tankị ndị iro n'ihi ntakịrị ihe dịnụ - egbe mgbochi 40-mm. Iri na abụọ n’ime tankị ndị iro kụpụrụ n’agha a ghọrọ ndị PzKpfw IV tara ahụhụ. The ace nke agha bụ onyeisi. József Henkey-Hönig sitere na ụlọ ọrụ 3rd nke Battalion 51st Tank Destroyer Battalion, onye ndị ọrụ ya bibiri tankị ndị iro isii. Iwu nke 2nd Army tụgharịrị na Budapest na arịrịọ ngwa ngwa iziga tankị kwesịrị ekwesị na ngwa agha mgbochi. Na Septemba 1942, 10 PzKpfw III, 10 PzKpfw IV F2 na ndị mbibi ụgbọ mmiri Marder III ise sitere na Germany. N'oge ahụ, mfu nke ngalaba a abawanyela ruo 48 PzKpfw 38(t) na 14 PzKpfw IV F1.

N'oge agha oge okpomọkụ, otu n'ime ndị agha kacha nwee obi ike bụ Lieutenant Sandor Horvath sitere na 35th Infantry Regiment, bụ onye na July 12, 1941, jiri igwe magnet bibie T-34 na T-60 tankị. Otu onye uwe ojii merụrụ ahụ ugboro anọ na 1942-43. ma nye ya ihe nrite ọla edo "Maka obi ike". Ndị agha, ọkachasị ndị agha ọgbara ọhụrụ, nyere nnukwu nkwado na mbuso agha ikpeazụ nke 1st Armored Battalion na ụlọ ọrụ nke atọ nke Battalion 3st Tank Destroyer. N'ikpeazụ, mwakpo nke ngalaba ndị agha Hungary mere ka ndị agha 51th Guards Tank Brigade na 4th Tank Brigade hapụ isi mmiri ahụ wee laghachi n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Don. Naanị 54th tank Brigade fọdụrụ na bridgehead - na mpaghara Uriv. Ndị brigade ndị agha mgbagha hapụrụ ụgbọ ala mgbakasị ahụ na ndị agha egbe egbe n'isi akwa mmiri.

Ụgbọ agha ndị Hungary fọdụrụ na obodo Kolbino; mbubreyo okpomọkụ 1942

Mfu ndị Soviet malitere ịba ụba nke ukwuu, ọgụ maka ndị Hungaria n'onwe ha wee dịrị mfe mgbe tankị PzKpfw IV F1 na egbe Nimrod na-agbapụta onwe ha sonyere ha. Ha arụchawo ọrụ mbibi. Ọkụ ha gbochiri ndị agha Red Army nke ọma ịla azụ n'ofe akwa mmiri. Ebibiri ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri na ụgbọ mmiri. Onye uwe ojii Lajos Hegedyush, onye ọchịagha nke otu ndị agha nke otu ụlọ ọrụ tankị dị arọ, bibiri tankị ọkụ abụọ nke Soviet bụ ndị nọbu n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke Don. Oge a mwepụta ndị Hungary pere mpe, naanị ụgbọ mmiri PzKpfw 38 (t) abụọ mebiri. Igwe kacha arụ ọrụ nke ọma bụ nke corporal nyere iwu. Janos Rosik sitere na ụlọ ọrụ tankị nke atọ, nke ndị ọrụ ya bibiri ụgbọ ala agha anọ ndị iro.

Ná mmalite nke August 1942, Soviet 6th Army gbalịrị ịmepụta na maximally gbasaa bridgeheads na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ akụ nke Don. Abụọ kasị ukwuu dị nso Uriv na Korotoyak. Iwu nke 2nd Army aghọtaghị na isi agha ga-abụ na Uryv, na ọ bụghị na Korotoyak, ebe ọtụtụ n'ime 1st tank Division na-elekwasị anya, ma e wezụga nke reconnaissance battalion nke ezigara Uryv.

Mwakpo ahụ, nke malitere na 10 Ọgọst, malitere nke ọma maka ndị Hungary. The artillery na-ezighị ezi gbanyere ndị agha nke 23rd Infantry Regiment nke 20 Light Division, bụ ndị malitere ịwakpo Storozhevoye n'aka ekpe. Nke bụ́ eziokwu bụ na otu n’ime ndị agha ahụ merela ọsọ ọsọ. Mwakpo mbụ kwụsịrị na ebe nchekwa akwadoro nke ọma nke mpaghara 53rd siri ike nke PC. A.G. Daskevich na akụkụ nke 25th Guards Rifle Division Colonel. PM Safarenko. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nke 1st Armored Battalion zutere nguzogide siri ike ma kpebisie ike site na Soviet 29th Anti-Tank Artillery Group. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ìgwè ndị agha pụrụ iche a zụrụ azụ n'ịbibi ụgbọ ala agha na-eche ụgbọ mmiri ndị Hungary. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ga-eji egbe igwe na bọmbụ aka ihe karịrị otu ugboro, na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ọbụna na-agbarịta ibe ha ọkụ site na egbe iji wepụ ihe agha nke ndị agha Red Army. Mwakpo ahụ na agha ahụ dum tụgharịrị bụrụ nnukwu ọdịda.

Egbe Nimrod na-ebugharị onwe ya nke 51st tank battalion, 1942.

Otu n'ime tankị ndị ahụ kụrụ ogbunigwe dị nso na Korotoyak wee gbaa ya na ndị ọrụ niile ọkụ. Ndị agha Hungaria nwere nnukwu mfu site na mbuso agha Soviet na ụgbọ elu bọmbụ; n'agbanyeghị nnọọ irè ikuku agbachitere. Lieutenant Dr. Istvan Simon dere, sị: “Ọ bụ ụbọchị jọgburu onwe ya. Ndị na-agatụbeghị ebe ahụ agaghị ekweta ma ọ bụ nwee ike ikwere ya… Anyị gara n'ihu, mana chere nnukwu ogbunigwe ahụ ihu nke na a manyere anyị ịlaghachi azụ. Captain Topai nwụrụ [Captain Pal Topai, ọchịagha nke ụlọ ọrụ tank nke abụọ - ihe ruru. onye edemede]. ... M ga-echeta agha nke abụọ maka Uryv-Storozhevo.

N'echi ya, August 11, agha ọhụrụ mere na mpaghara Krotoyak; n'isi ụtụtụ, a mara ọkwa Battalion nke abụọ nke tank ma mebie nnukwu mmebi na ndị agha Red Army na-awakpo. Ọnwụ ndị dị n'akụkụ Hungarian dị obere. Ndị agha fọdụrụ nke 2st Panzer Division lụrụ ọgụ na Korotoyak n'akụkụ German 1th Infantry Regiment nke General Walter Lucht's 687th Infantry Division.

tank nke Hungary PzKpfw IV Ausf. F2 (ụdị a nwere egbe egbe 75 mm nwere ogologo ogologo) site na 30th Tank Regiment, ụbịa 1942.

Red Army wakporo na mpaghara Krotoyak na August 15, 1941. N’oge na-adịghị anya, ndị agha Hungary nile nọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike n’ịgbochi mwakpo ndị iro. N'ụbọchị mbụ naanị, e bibiri tankị Soviet 10, ọkachasị M3 Stuart na T-60. Lajos Hegedusz's PzKpfw IV F1, nke bibiri M3 Stuarts anọ, bụ ogbunigwe dara ma taa ahụhụ ọtụtụ ugboro ozugbo. Egburu onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na onye ọrụ redio. N'oge agha ndị a, e kpughere ụfọdụ adịghị ike na ọzụzụ nke ndị agha Hungarian. Na njedebe nke ụbọchị ahụ, ọchịagha nke 687th Infantry Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Robert Brinkmann, kọọrọ ọchịagha nke 1st Armored Division, General Lajos Veres, na ndị agha Hungary sitere na ngalaba ya enweghị ike ịmekọrịta mmekọrịta chiri anya na ndị agha ya. na nchekwa. na mbuso agha.

Ọgụ kpụ ọkụ n’ọnụ gara n’ihu ụbọchị dum. Ndị tankị ndị Hungary bibiri tankị ndị iro abụọ, mana ha nwere nnukwu mfu. Otu onye ọrụ nwere ahụmahụ nke ukwuu, ọchịagha nke ụlọ ọrụ nke abụọ, Lieutenant Jozsef Partos, nwụrụ. PzKpfw 2(t) ya nwere obere ohere megide T-38. Ndị agha German sitere na 34th Infantry Regiment bibiri n'ụzọ hiere ụzọ abụọ PzKpfw 38 (t) Hungarian. Agha na Krotoyak gara n'ihu ruo ọtụtụ ụbọchị na ike dịgasị iche iche. Ndị Hungarian 687st Armored Division na August 1, 18 gụpụtara mfu ya dịka 1942 gburu, 410 na-efu na 32 merụrụ ahụ. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, 1289th tank Regiment nwere 30 PzKpfw 55 (t) na 38 PzKpfw IV F15 na njikere ọgụ zuru oke. Tankị 1 ọzọ nọ n'ụlọ ahịa ndozi. N'ime ụbọchị ole na ole sochirinụ, e wepụrụ ngalaba nke 35th Light Division na 12st Panzer Division na Korotoyak. Ndị agha German 1th Infantry Division weghaara ọnọdụ ha, bụ́ nke weghaara isi mmiri Soviet ná mmalite September 336. N'ime ọrụ a Major Heinz Hoffmann's 1942st Assault Gun Battalion na ndị agha ikuku Hungarian kwadoro ya. Ndị Soviet ghọtara na ha enweghị ike zuru ezu iji jide bridgeheads abụọ, ma kpebie itinye uche na ihe kacha mkpa maka ha - Uryv.

Ebibiri kpamkpam PzKpfw IV Ausf. F1 Corporal Rasika; Ụlọ Nche, 1942

Ngalaba nke 1st tank Division zuru ike ma mejupụta ndị ọrụ na akụrụngwa. Ọbụna tankị ndị ọzọ weghachiri site na nkuzi na nkeji ahịrị. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị nke August, ọnụ ọgụgụ tankị ndị nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ mụbara ruo 5 Toldi, 85 PzKpfw 38 (t) na 22 PzKpfw IV F1. Nkwanye bịakwara, dị ka tankị PzKpfw IV F2 nwere egbe nwere ogologo ogologo mm 75. N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke August 1942, usoro nchebe ikuku nke ngalaba ndị agha Hungary gbagburu ụgbọ elu 63. N'ime ndị a, 51 (40?) egbe nke onwe "Nimrod" sitere na 38st tank mbibi battalion e debara aha.

Ná mmalite nke September 1942, Hungarian agha na-akwadebe maka nke atọ mgbalị mmiri mmiri Urivo-Storozhevsky bridgehead. Ndị na-anya ụgbọ mmiri ga-ebute ụzọ n'ọrụ a. Ọ bụ General Willibald Freiherr von Langermann und Erlenkamp, ​​onye ọchịagha nke XXIV Panzer Corps kwadoro atụmatụ a. Dị ka atụmatụ ahụ si kwuo, a ga-eduzi isi agha ahụ na Storozhevoye n'akụkụ aka ekpe, na mgbe e jidere ya, 1st Panzer Division bụ ịwakpo ọhịa Ottisiya iji bibie ndị agha Soviet fọdụrụ n'azụ. Mgbe ahụ, a ghaghị ikpochapụ ndị agha ndị iro ahụ ozugbo n'isi akwa mmiri. N'ụzọ dị mwute, onye isi German ejighị n'aka atụmatụ ndị ọrụ Hungary, bụ ndị lụrụ ọgụ ugboro abụọ na mpaghara a. A tụrụ aro ndị agha nke 1st Panzer Division ka ha wakpo ndị agha na-agbachitere bridgehead ngwa ngwa o kwere mee, na-agbasaghị n'ime ọhịa, ozugbo chere Selyavnoye. Ndị isi German kwenyere na ndị iro agaghị enwe oge iji ziga ndị agha n'ofe akwa mmiri ahụ.

Mwakpo nke ndị agha Hungary na Septemba 9, 1942 bụ mmalite nke otu n'ime isi ọbara ọbara nke ọgụ na Don. N'akụkụ aka ekpe, German 168th Infantry Division (ọchịagha: General Dietrich Kreiss) na Hungarian 20th Light Division (ọchịagha: Colonel Géza Nagyer), nke 201st Assault Gun Battalion kwadoro, ga-awakpo Storozhevoye. Otú ọ dị, ha chere ihe nchebe siri ike ihu, ọganihu ha adịghịkwa nwayọọ. Ọ bụghị ihe mgbagwoju anya na Red Army nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ọnwa iji gbanwee ọnọdụ ha n'ezie ebe e wusiri ike: tankị T-34 na-eli ozu na 3400 mines dị na bridgehead rụrụ ọrụ ha. N'ehihie, e zigara otu ndị agha sitere na 1st Battalion, 30th Tank Regiment, n'okpuru iwu Captain Maclary, ka ha kwadoo agha ahụ. Sajent Janos Csizmadia, ọchịagha nke PzKpfw 38(t), mere onwe ya nke ọma n'ụbọchị ahụ. A Soviet T-34 pụtara na mberede n'azụ ndị agha German na-awakpo, ma ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Hungarian jisiri ike bibie ya na nso nso; nke bụ ihe omume dị ụkọ. Ozugbo nke a gachara, ọchịagha tankị hapụrụ ụgbọ ala ya ka o jiri onyinye aka bibie ụlọ nchekwa abụọ. N’ụbọchị ahụ, ya na ndị nọ n’okpuru ya nwere ike ịchịkọta ndị mkpọrọ iri atọ. Enyere Sajentị ahụ akwụkwọ ikike nke obi ike Silver.

PzKpfw IV Ausf. F1. Dị ka Wehrmacht, ndị Hungarian 1st Panzer Division nwere obere ụgbọ ala agha dabara adaba nke ọma iji gbochie Soviet KW na T-34 kpamkpam.

Ọgụ ahụ kwagara n'ime obodo n'onwe ya na gburugburu ya na Septemba 10. Ụgbọ mmiri PzKpfw IV nke ụlọ ọrụ nke atọ mebiri T-3 abụọ na otu KW ma manye ndị tankị nke 34th Tank Brigade ka ha laghachi azụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obodo ahụ. Cpl bibiri abụọ n'ime tankị ndị a. Janos Rosik. Mgbe ndị Hungary, ebe ha chụpụrụ ndị iro ahụ, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ pụọ n'obodo nta ahụ, mgbọ egbe dị 116mm kụrụ ụgbọ Roshik. tankị ahụ gbawara, gbuo ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri niile. Ndị agha tank nke 76,2 tụfuru otu n'ime ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ya nwere ahụmahụ.

Ndị agha German-Hungarian jikọtara ọnụ weghaara Storozhevoye, tụfuo tankị PzKpfw 38 (t) abụọ ọzọ. N'oge agha a, Sgt. Gyula Boboitsov, onye isi ndị agha nke ụlọ ọrụ 3rd. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, na nku aka nri, 13th Light Division wakporo Ourive, weghara ọtụtụ ebumnuche ya n'ime ụbọchị abụọ. Otú ọ dị, ka oge na-aga, a manyere akụkụ nke nkewa ahụ ịlaghachi azụ n'ihi ọtụtụ nnukwu ọgụ Soviet. Ka ọ na-erule n'ụtụtụ Septemba 11, ndị agha German-Hungarian weghaara mpaghara Storozhevo niile. Ọganihu ndị ọzọ nwere oke site na oke mmiri ozuzo.

N'ehihie, e zigara ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Hungarian ka ha wakpo site na oke ọhịa Ottissia, mana ọkụ na-egbochi tankị gbapụrụ site na ebe nchekwa dị na nsọtụ ọhịa ahụ. Ọtụtụ ụgbọ ala mebiri nke ukwuu. Peter Luksch (nke a kwalitere ka ọ bụrụ isi na ngwụcha Septemba), onye ọchịagha nke abụọ Armored Battalion, merụrụ ahụ nke ukwuu n'obi site na iberibe shei mgbe ọ nọ n'èzí tank ya. Onyeisi ndị agha weghaara ọchịchị. Tibor Karpati, onye isi ugbu a nke Ụlọ ọrụ 2th. N'otu oge ahụ, 5th na 6 tank brigades, nke gụnyere, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, tankị 54 kW na ọtụtụ T-130, e zigara na bridgehead nke Soviet 20th Army.

Otu n'ime ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Hungarian kacha mma, Lieutenant Istvan Simon; 1942

Na September 12, 1942, a manyere ndị agha German-Hungarian ịgbanwe isi ntụziaka nke mwakpo ahụ. N'ụtụtụ, ọkụ ogbunigwe nke si n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Don dara na ndị Hungary na ndị Germany na-akwado maka mwakpo ahụ. Lieutenant Colonel Endre Zador, ọchịagha nke 30 Armored Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Rudolf Resch merụrụ ahụ nke ukwuu, onye ọchịagha nke 1st Armored Battalion wee bụrụ onye isi nke ndị agha. N'agbanyeghị mmalite ahụ emeghị nke ọma, mwakpo ahụ gara nke ọma. Ọchịagha ọhụrụ ahụ, bụ onye na-edu ọgụ na ebili mmiri mbụ, bibiri egbe mgbochi isii na egbe abụọ. N'ịbụ onye rutere n'ụkwụ ugwu 187,7, ọ hapụrụ ụgbọ ala ya wee sonye na mbuso agha kpọmkwem, na-ewepụ ebe nchekwa ndị iro abụọ. Mgbe tankị ndị Hungary nwesịrị nnukwu mfu, ndị agha Soviet chụpụrụ ndị agha Hungarian site na ugwu dị mkpa dị n'etiti etiti akwa mmiri ahụ. Ndị agha nke 168th Infantry Division malitere igwu ala n'ọnọdụ ndị ejirilarị. Na mgbede, tankị KW pụtara n'akụkụ aka ekpe. Na njedebe nke ụbọchị ahụ, nnukwu mwakpo Soviet chụpụrụ ndị Germany site na ebe nchekwa ha na Hill 187,7. 2nd Armored Battalion Cap. E nyere Tibor Karpatego iwu ka ọ lụso ọgụ ọgụ. Corporal Mocker kọwara agha ụbọchị ahụ:

Anyị biliri na 4:30 ma jikere ịhapụ ọnọdụ ahụ. Corporal Gyula Witko (onye ọkwọ ụgbọala) nwere nrọ na a kụrụ tankị anyị ... Otú ọ dị, Lieutenant Halmos ekweghị ka anyị chee ogologo oge banyere nkwupụta a: "Malite engines. Nzọụkwụ!" ... Ọ bịara doo anya ngwa ngwa na anyị nọ n'etiti agha Soviet na akara kọntaktị ... Ndị agha German nọ n'ọnọdụ ya, dị njikere ịwakpo. ... Enwetara m akụkọ dị mkpirikpi site n'aka ọchịagha ndị agha nke nọ n'akụkụ aka nri, ma eleghị anya Lieutenant Attila Bojaski (ọchịagha nke ụlọ ọrụ nke isii), onye rịọrọ maka enyemaka ozugbo enwere ike: "Ha ga-agbapụ ụgbọ mmiri anyị otu otu! Nke m gara mebiri. Anyị chọrọ enyemaka ozugbo!

Battalion 1st tank nọkwa n'ọnọdụ siri ike. Ọchịagha ya rịọrọ ndị Nimrọd ka ha nyere ha aka ka ha chụpụ tankị ndị Soviet na-ebuso agha agha. Corporal gara n'ihu:

Anyị rutere ụgbọ mmiri Captain Karpathy, bụ nke ọkụ na-agba ọkụ ... Enwere nnukwu igwe ojii nke anwụrụ ọkụ na uzuzu gburugburu ya. Anyị gara n’ihu ruo mgbe anyị rutere n’isi ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha ndị agha Jamanị. ... otu tankị Rọshịa nọ na-agafe n'ọhịa n'okpuru nnukwu ọkụ anyị. Onye egbe anyị bụ Nyerges weghachiri ọkụ ngwa ngwa. Ọ gbara mgbọ agha na-awụpụ n’otu n’otu. Otú ọ dị, ọ dị ihe adịghị mma. Mgbọ anyị enweghị ike ịbanye n'ihe agha nke tankị ndị iro. Enweghị enyemaka a dị egwu! Ndị agha Soviet bibiri onye isi nke PzKpfw 38 (t) nkewa, Karpathy, onye, ​​n'ụzọ dị mma, nọ n'èzí ụgbọ ala ahụ. Ndị Hungary maara adịghị ike nke egbe 37 mm nke tankị Hungarian, ma ugbu a, ọ bịara doo anya na ndị Soviet makwaara banyere ya ma na-aga iji ya mee ihe. Otu akụkọ nzuzo Hungary kwuru, sị: "Ndị Soviet ghọgburu anyị n'oge Agha Uriva nke Abụọ ... T-34 bibiri ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ tankị dum n'ime nkeji ole na ole."

Na mgbakwunye, agha ahụ gosipụtara na ngalaba nke ngalaba ahụ chọrọ PzKpfw IV, nke nwere ike ibuso tankị T-34 ọgụ, mana KW ka bụ nsogbu. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha ụbọchị ahụ, ọ bụ naanị PzKpfw IV anọ na 22 PzKpfw 38 (t) dị njikere maka agha. N'agha nke Septemba 13, ndị Hungary bibiri T-34 asatọ ma mebie KV abụọ. Na September 14, Red Army gbalịrị iweghachi Storozhevoye, ma ọ dịghị isi. Ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke ọgụ, agha nke atọ maka Uriv, bụ September 16, 1942. Ndị Hungary gbapụrụ egbe Nimrod ise n'onwe ya site na 51st Tank Destroyer Battalion, bụ nke mere ka ndụ ghara idi ndụ maka ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Soviet nwere egbe 40-mm ngwa ngwa. Ndị agha Soviet nwekwara nnukwu mfu ụbọchị ahụ, gụnyere. Ebibiri tankị 24, gụnyere KW isii. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị nke ụbọchị ọgụ ahụ, ndị agha tank nke 30 nwere 12 PzKpfw 38 (t) na 2 PzKpfw IV F1. Ndị agha German-Hungarian tụfuru mmadụ 10 2. ndị mmadụ: 8 puku gburu na-efu na narị puku mmadụ iri merụrụ ahụ.

tank nke Hungary PzKpfw IV Ausf. F2 na ndị agha na-alụ ọgụ maka Krotoyak na Uriv; 1942

N'October 3, German XXIV Panzer Corps nwụnahụrụ ọchịagha ya, General Langermann-Erlankamp, ​​onye mgbawa nke roket 122 mm gburu. Tinyere onye ọchịagha German, ndị isi nke 20th Light Division na 14th Infantry Regiment, Colonel Geza Nagy na József Mick, nwụrụ. N'otu oge ahụ, 1st tank Division nwere 50% nke mmalite tank ụgbọ mmiri. Mfu ndị agha adịghị otú ahụ. E zigara ndị uwe ojii asaa nwere ahụmahụ na Hungary, gụnyere otu onyeisi ụgbọ mmiri. Laszlo Maklary; isonye na ọzụzụ nke ndị tankị maka 2nd tank Division. Na Nọvemba, nkwado rutere: isii PzKpfw IV F2 na G, 10 PzKpfw III N. E zigara ihe nlereanya mbụ na ụlọ ọrụ tankị dị arọ, na "troika" na ụlọ ọrụ 5th nke Lieutenant Karoli Balog.

Nkwanye na akụrụngwa maka ngalaba ndị agha Hungarian rutere nwayọ. Na Nọvemba 3, ọchịagha nke 2nd Army, General Gustav Jahn, mere mkpesa nye ndị Germany n'ihi enweghị ike ibuga akụrụngwa maka tankị na akụrụngwa. Agbanyeghị, a gbara mbọ ibuga akụrụngwa na ngwa ọgụ ngwa ngwa o kwere mee.

Ọ dabara nke ọma, enweghị nnukwu esemokwu. Naanị esemokwu nke nkeji nke Hungarian armored division weere òkè mere na October 19, 1942 na nso Storozhevo; 1st Armored Battalion Cap. Gezi Mesolego bibiri ụgbọ mmiri Soviet anọ. Ebe ọ bụ na Nọvemba, 1st tank Division kwagara n'ime nchekwa nke 2nd Army. N'oge a, a hazigharịrị ngalaba egbe égbè nke ngalaba ahụ, wee bụrụ usoro egbe egbe nwere moto (site na Disemba 1, 1942). Na December nkewa natara Marders II ise, nke otu squadron nke ndị na-ebibi tankị bụ Captain S. Pal Zergeni nyere iwu. Iji hazie 1st Panzer Division na December, ndị Germany zigara ndị ọrụ 6, ndị ọrụ na-abụghị ndị ọrụ na ndị agha sitere na 50th Panzer Regiment maka ịmaliteghachi ọzụzụ.

Ha so na ọgụ a lụrụ n’afọ 1943.

Ndị agha nke 2nd tank Division na Don, okpomọkụ 1942.

Na Jenụwarị 2, 1943, etinyere ngalaba nke 1st Armored n'okpuru iwu ozugbo nke General Hans Kramer's corps, nke gụnyere 29th na 168th Infantry Divisions, 190th Assault Gun Battalion, na 700th Armored Division. N'ụbọchị a, ngalaba Hungarian gụnyere 8 PzKpfw IV F2 na G, 8 PzKpfw IV F1, 9 PzKpfw III N, 41 PzKpfw 38 (t), 5 Marder II na 9 Toldi.

Ọnụ na nkeji nke 2nd Army, 1st tank Division bụ maka agbachitere n'ihu ahịrị na Don, ya na Central isi na Voronezh. N'oge oyi iwe nke Red Army, ndị agha nke 40th Army wakporo Uriv bridgehead, nke, na mgbakwunye na nke Guards Rifle Division, gụnyere anọ egbe egbe na atọ armored brigades na 164 tankị, gụnyere 33 KW tank na 58 T- 34 tankị. Ndị Soviet 18th Rifle Corps weputara mwakpo sitere na Coutier bridgehead, gụnyere brigades abụọ nwere ngwa agha nwere tankị 99, gụnyere 56 T-34. O kwesịrị ịga n'ihu site n'ebe ugwu ruo n'ebe ndịda izute 3rd Tank Army na Kantamirovtsy. Site na Kantemirovka, na nku ndịda, ndị agha Soviet na-aga n'ihu, nke nwere tankị 425 (+53?), gụnyere 29 KV na 221 T-34. Ndị Soviet nyekwara nkwado ngwa agha zuru oke, na mpaghara Uriv ọ bụ egbe 102 kwa kilomita n'ihu, na Shtushya - 108, na Kantemirovtsy - 96. Na mpaghara Uriv, 122 mm howitzers gbara 9500 okirikiri, 76,2 mm egbe - 38 agba. . , na ngwa agha rocket launchers - 000 akụ.

Ọnọdụ tankị nke Hungarian ekpuchiri; Krotoyak, August 1942

12 Jenụwarị 1943 dị ka akụkụ nke 1st Hungarian Armored Division (ọchịagha: Colonel Ferenc Horváth, kwalitere ịbụ onye isi izugbe na February 1943, onye isi ndị ọrụ: Major Károlyi

Chemez) nọ:

• 1st ngwa ngwa nkwukọrịta Battalion - Captain Cornel Palotasi;
• 2nd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Group - Major Illes Gerhardt, nke nwere: 1st Motorized Medium Artillery Group - Major Gyula Jovanovic, 5th Motorized Medium Artillery Group - Lieutenant Colonel Istvan Sendes, 51st Tank Destroyer Division - Lieutenant Colonel Janos Torcsvary - 1st Bat. Battalion Reconnaissance Lieutenant Ede Galosfay, ụlọ ọrụ mbibi tankị nke iri abụọ - Captain. Pal Zergeni;
• 1st Motorized égbè Regiment - Lieutenant Colonel Ferenc Lovay, nke nwere: 1st Motorized égbè Battalion - Captain. Laszlo Varadi, 2nd motorized égbè battalion - Major Ishvan Hartyansky, 3rd moto egbe battalion - onye isi. Ferenc Herke;
• 30th Panzer Pool – ppłk Andre Horváth, w składzi: kompania sztabowa – por. Mátyás Fogarasi, 1. zmotoryzowana kompania saperów – kpi. Laszlo Kelemen, 1st Tank Battalion - Captain Geza Mesely (1st Czolgow Company - Janos Nowak, 2nd Czolgow Company - Zoltan Szekely, 3rd Cholgow Company - Albert Kovacs), 2nd Tank Battalion - Dező Widac (4th ụlọ ọrụ Czołgów - po.rmpak). czołgów - por. Felix-Kurt Dalitz, 5. kompania czołgów - por. Lajos Balázs).

Na Jenụwarị 12, 1943, mwakpo nke Red Army malitere, tupu nnukwu ogbunigwe buru ibu, ndị agha isii na-akwado ndị tankị, bụ ndị wakporo Battalion 3, 4th Regiment, 7th Light Division. Ugbua n'oge ogbunigwe ogbunigwe, ndị agha ahụ tụfuru ihe dịka 20-30% nke ndị ọrụ ya, nke mere na mgbede ndị iro ahụ laghachiri kilomita 3. Mwakpo Soviet na Uriv kwesịrị ịmalite na January 14, ma e kpebiri ịgbanwe atụmatụ ahụ ma mee ka iwe ahụ dịkwuo ngwa. N'ụtụtụ Jenụwarị 13, ndị agha ndị agha Hungarian na-ebu ụzọ nweta nnukwu ọkụ, mgbe ahụ tankị mebiri ọnọdụ ha. Battalion nke German 700th Tank, nke nwere PzKpfw 38(t), ka tankị nke 150th Tank Brigade mebie kpamkpam. N'echi ya, ndị Soviet 18th Infantry Corps wakporo ma daa n'ime ìgwè nke Hungarian 12th Light Division na Szuce. Ugbo agha nke 12 Field Artillery Regiment bibiri ọtụtụ tankị Soviet mana ọ nweghị ike ime obere ihe. Ndị agha ahụ malitere ịla azụ na-enweghị nkwado ngwa agha siri ike. Na mpaghara Kantemirovka, ndị Soviet 3rd Tank Army tinyekwara n'ahịrị German, tankị ya na-ewere isi ụlọ ọrụ nke XXIV Tank Corps na mberede na Shilino, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo Rossosh. Naanị ndị isi na ndị agha German ole na ole jisiri ike gbapụ. January 14 bụ ụbọchị oyi kachasị oyi nke oyi nke 1942/43. Onye isi ndị ọrụ nke 2nd Corps nke Agha nke XNUMXth, Colonel Eno Sharkani, dere na akụkọ: ... ihe niile na-ekpo ọkụ, nkezi okpomọkụ.

N'oge oyi a ọ bụ -20C, ụbọchị ahụ ọ bụ -30C.

General Lajos Veres, ọchịagha nke 1st Armored Division ruo 1 October 1942.

N'ehihie Jenụwarị 16, nkeji nke 1st Panzer Division webatara ọgụ megide Wojtysza, nke ndị agha 18th Infantry Corps ji. N'ihi mwakpo ngwa agha ahụ, onye ọchịagha nke 1st Motorized Rifle Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Ferenc Lovai, merụrụ ahụ nke ukwuu. Ọ bụ Lieutenant Colonel József Szigetváry weghaara iwu, onye natara iwu ngwa ngwa site n'aka General Kramer ka ọ kwụsị mwakpo ahụ ma laghachi azụ, ebe ọ bụ na ndị agha Hungary nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịbụ ndị gbara ya gburugburu. Ka ọ na-erule mgbe ahụ ndị Soviet abanyela 60 km n'ime ahịrị German-Hungary dị nso na Uriva; Ọdịiche dị na ọnọdụ dị nso Kantemirovka dị nnukwu - 30 km n'obosara na 90 km miri emi. Ndị agha tankị nke 12 nke 3rd Tank Army ewepụtalarị na Rossosh. Na Jenụwarị 17, ndị agha Soviet na ndị agha rutere Ostrogoshki, bụ nke na-agbachitere nkeji nke Hungarian 13th Light Division na usoro nke German 168th Infantry Division.

Nlaghachi azụ nke tankị PzKpfw 38 (t) Hungary; Disemba 1942

N'isi ụtụtụ, 1st Panzer Division, nwere asatọ PzKpfw III na anọ PzKpfw IV, malitere mbuso agha na ntụziaka Dolshnik-Ostrogoshk, na-ebibi kọlụm moto Soviet. General Kramer kwụsịrị mbuso agha ahụ. Otu n'ime ndị PzKpfw IV nwere nkwarụ gbawara. O di nwute na nkewa nkewa, e nwere nanị otu ụzọ kwupụta Alekseevka, mechiri na ndị mmadụ na ngwá ọrụ, ma arụ ọrụ ma gbahapụrụ ma ọ bụ bibie. Ndị agha ndị Hungary nwere nnukwu mfu n'oge njem a, ọkachasị n'ihi enweghị akụrụngwa na mmanụ ọkụ; tankị PzKpfw 38 (t) dara na snow, yabụ gbahapụrụ ha wee gbawaa. Ekwesịrị ibibi ọtụtụ tankị n'ebe a na-arụzi ngalaba nke dị na Kamenka, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụ naanị 1st tank Battalion ga-agbawa 17 PzKpfw 38 (t) na 2 PzKpfw IV na ọtụtụ ngwa ndị ọzọ.

Na Jenụwarị 19, e nyere ngalaba ndị agha Hungarian ọrụ ịmalite ọgụ megide Aleksievka. Iji kwado ngalaba ahụ adịghị ike (ruo Jenụwarị 25), ngalaba mbibi tankị 559, Lieutenant Colonel. Wilhelm Hefner. Mwakpo nkwonkwo malitere na 11:00. Nke abụọ Lieutenant Denes Nemeth sitere na 2nd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Group kọwara ọgụ a otu a: ... anyị zutere oké ngwa agha ọkụ, arọ na mfe igwe egbe. Igwe ogbunigwe gbawara otu n'ime ụgbọ ala anyị, ọtụtụ ụgbọ ala ndị ọzọ kụgburu... Site n'okporo ụzọ mbụ ahụ, agha kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ malitere maka ụlọ na ụzọ ọ bụla, na-ejikarị ụgbọ mmiri, nke akụkụ abụọ ahụ nwere nnukwu mfu.

Ebibiri Fiat 3000B tankị nke otu ndị uwe ojii na-arụ ọrụ n'azụ nke ọwụwa anyanwụ; oyi 1942/43

Ndị Hungary bibiri tankị ndị iro anọ. Agha ahụ kwụsịrị mgbe awa 2,5 gachara, ndị Hungary jisiri ike weghachi obodo ahụ. Ọnwụ nke nkewa ahụ bụ: PzKpfw III, nke ogbunigwe gbapụrụ, na PzKpfw IV abụọ, nke ọkụ mgbochi tankị mebiri. Nimrọd nke ụlọ ọrụ 2nd, Battalion 51st Tank Destroyer Battalion, kụkwara ogbunigwe, ma onye ọzọ dabara n'ime nnukwu olulu mgbe a gbagburu onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ya n'isi. E dekwara Nimrọd a dị ka mfu na-adịgide adịgide. N'oge agha ahụ, ọchịagha nke PzKpfw III platoon sitere na ụlọ ọrụ tank nke atọ, Sergeant V. Gyula Boboytsov. Ka ọ na-erule etiti ehihie, ndị na-emebi ụgbọ mmiri Hungary Marder II mebiri nguzogide Soviet, nke tankị T-3 na-akwado. Otu n'ime ndị agha nke nkewa ahụ guzo n'elu ugwu dị nso Alekseevka.

N'ụtụtụ Jenụwarị 19, ndị agha Red Army si na ndịda wakporo obodo ahụ. A chụpụrụ mwakpo ahụ, bibie ọtụtụ tankị T-34 na T-60. N'agbanyeghị ihe ịga nke ọma a, ihe ndị mere na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke 2nd Army n'ihu manyere ndị agha nke 1st Panzer Division ka ha laghachi azụ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. N'oge mgbagha ahụ, e bibiri otu Nimrọd nke ụlọ ọrụ 1st nke batalion mbibi tankị 51st. Otú ọ dị, ekwesịrị ịghọta na obere ihe ịga nke ọma nke Hungarian armored unit na January 18 na 19 mere ka o kwe omume ịdọrọ ndị agha nke Kramer, 20th na 21st Corps site Alekseevka. N'abalị nke January 21-1, otu ọgụ nke tank tank mebiri ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na Alekseevka. Na 26 Jenụwarị, Ngalaba Panzer nke 168 ga-ewepụta ọgụ ọzọ iji nyere aka mgbagha nke Ngalaba Infantry German 13. Ndị agha nke German 19th Infantry Division na Hungarian 20th Light Division sochiri ya, na-agbachitere ihu na Ostrogosk ruo Jenụwarị nke XNUMX. Ndị agha Hungary ikpeazụ hapụrụ Ostrogoszk gburugburu ụwa na Jenụwarị nke XNUMX.

Albert Kovacs, otu n'ime ndị ọchịagha tankị kacha aga nke ọma nke Battalion 3 nke 30th Tank Regiment.

Ngalaba nke 1st Tank Division, na-ekpuchi mgbagha n'etiti Ilyinka na Alekseevka, sụọ ngọngọ na otu ndị na-ahụ maka nyocha Soviet, nke ha meriri (80 gburu, ụgbọala abụọ na egbe abụọ na-emegide tankị). Ndị Hungarian nọ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Alekseevka ma jide ya n'abalị dum site na nkwado nke Marder II nke 559th Fighter Battalion. Ọtụtụ mwakpo ndị iro kwụsịrị, mmadụ isii furu efu. Onye mmegide ahụ tụfuru 150-200 n'ime ha. N'ehihie na abalị nke January 22, ndị agha Soviet na-awakpo Ilyinka mgbe nile, ma akụkụ nke akụkụ ndị agha Hungary na-egbochi ọgụ ọ bụla. N'isi ụtụtụ January 23, egbe Marder II ji aka ya bibiri T-34 na T-60. N'otu ụbọchị ahụ, nlọghachi na Ilyinka malitere dị ka onye nche nke ozu - ma ọ bụ ihe fọdụrụ na ya - Kramer. E nwetara usoro nchekwa ọhụrụ dị nso na Novy Oskol na Jenụwarị 25, 1943.

Ihe atụ nke ihe nbibi tankị Hungary na chassis Toldi. Ọ dịghị mgbe ọ banyere mmepụta; 1943-1944

Mgbe ọtụtụ ụbọchị oyi ma dị jụụ, na January 20, ndị Soviet malitere ịwakpo Novy Oskol. N'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obodo a, Ụlọ ọrụ Tank nke 6 tụfuru ọchịagha ya (lee Lajos Balazs, bụ onye nọ n'èzí tank ahụ n'oge ahụ ma gbuo ya site n'itinye isi). Enweghị ike ịkwụsị mwakpo ndị iro. Akụkụ nke nkewa ahụ malitere ịla azụ n'okpuru nrụgide ndị iro. Otú ọ dị, ha ka nwere ike ịwakpo ọgụ dị nta, na-ebelata ọganihu nke Red Army ma na-egbochi ndị agha ya.

Agha a na-alụ n'obodo ahụ n'onwe ya siri nnọọ ike. E chebewo akụkọ sitere na redio ha, ma eleghị anya Corporal Miklos Jonas zitere, sị: “Ebibiri m égbè ndị Russia na-egbochi tankị n'akụkụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Anyị na-aga n'ihu na ọganihu anyị. Anyị zutere égbè dị arọ na obere ọkụ si n'ụlọ ahụ nakwa site n'ebe a na-anakọta okporo ụzọ. N’otu n’ime okporo ámá ndị dị n’ebe ugwu ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ahụ, ebibiri m égbè e ji egbochi tankị ụgbọ mmiri, bụ́ nke anyị kwọfere ma jiri égbè gbagbuo ndị agha Rọshịa 40. Anyị na-aga n'ihu na ọganihu anyị...

Hungarian Turan na PzKpfw 38 (t) tankị na Ukraine; mmiri 1943

Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị n'ụbọchị ahụ, e nyere ọchịagha tankị Jonas ihe nrite Hungarian kasị elu: Onye Ọchịchị Gold Medal for Bravery. N'ihi ya, akụkụ nke nkewa hapụrụ obodo ahụ wee laghachi n'ime obodo Mikhailovka n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Koroch. N'ụbọchị a, nkewa ahụ tụfuru mmadụ 26, ọtụtụ merụrụ ahụ, na otu tankị PzKpfw IV, nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri gbapụrụ. A na-eche na mbupụ ndị Soviet dị ihe dị ka ndị agha 500.

Ụbọchị abụọ sochirinụ dị jụụ karị. Naanị na February 3 ka a na-alụ ọgụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, n'oge nke ndị agha ndị iro chụpụrụ Tatyanovsky. N'echi ya, 1st Panzer Division weghaara ọtụtụ agha Soviet wee weghachi obodo Nikitovka n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Mikhailovka. Mgbe nkeji ndị ọzọ laghachiri na Koroche, ngalaba nke mbụ Panzer laghachiri azụ. N'ebe ahụ ndị Hungarian na-akwado 1th Infantry Division nke General Dietrich Kreis. Na February 168, e nwere agha maka obodo ahụ, nke ndị agha Soviet weghaara ọtụtụ ụlọ. N'ikpeazụ, a chụpụrụ ndị agha Red Army n'obodo ahụ.

Otu n'ime ụgbọ ala ndị Hungary kacha mma bụ egbe mwakpo nke Zrinyi II; 1943

N'echi ya, obodo ahụ gbara ya gburugburu n'akụkụ atọ. Na 4:45 agha Soviet malitere. Egbe Nimrọd abụọ dị njikere ịlụ ọgụ, na-agbapụ obere mkpirisi, kwụsịrị mwakpo ahụ sitere n'ọwụwa anyanwụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala nwa oge. N'elekere 6:45 nke ụtụtụ, kọlụm German nọ na-ala azụ. Ndị agha Soviet 400-500 wakporo ya, na-agbalị ibipụ ya n'obodo ahụ. Nimrodiy kwadoro nkwụghachi azụ German, onye nnukwu ọkụ ya mere ka kọlụm ahụ ruo ebe ọ na-aga. Nanị ụzọ e si aga Belogrud dugara na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ obodo ahụ. Ngalaba ndị ọzọ ahapụla Krotosha. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Hungaria malitekwara ịla azụ, na-alụ ọgụ n'akwụsịghị akwụsị. N'oge mgbagha nke a, Nimrọd ikpeazụ ka a fụrụ, yana PzKpfw 38 (t) nke ikpeazụ, bibiri n'agha nke nwere T-34 na T-60 abụọ. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ lanarịrị ma gbapụ. 7 Febrụwarị bụ ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke nnukwu ọgụ nke ngalaba Hungarian lụrụ n'ihu ọwụwa anyanwụ.

Toldi II tank, wughachiri dị ka German nlereanya, na n'akụkụ ihe agha efere; 1943

Na February 9, 1st tank Division gafere Donetsk wee ruo Kharkov. Mgbe mgbagha ahụ gasịrị, Marders II abụọ (ezitere azụ na Germany n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1943) nọgidere na-eje ozi. Ọnwụ ikpeazụ bụ onye ọchịagha nke 2nd Armored Battalion, Major Dező Vidats, onye nwụrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ site na typhus na Jenụwarị 21, 1943. Na Jenụwarị 28, ngalaba ahụ nwere ndị ọrụ 316 na ndị ọrụ 7428 na-abụghị ndị ọrụ na ndị nwoke debara aha. Ngụkọta mfu nke ngalaba ahụ maka Jenụwarị na Febụwarị 1943 bụ ndị uwe ojii 25 gburu na 50 merụrụ ahụ, 9 ọzọ na-efu, n'etiti ndị ọrụ na-abụghị ndị ọrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a dị ka ndị a - 229, 921 na 1128; na n'etiti ọkwa na faịlụ - 254, 971, 1137. E zigara nkewa ahụ na Hungary na njedebe nke March 1943. Na mkpokọta, ndị agha nke abụọ furu efu 2 ndị agha n'etiti 1 January na 6 April 1943: 96 merụrụ ahụ nke ukwuu dara ọrịa na e zigara Hungary maka oyi, na e gburu mmadụ 016, jide ma ọ bụ na-efu efu. Ngalaba Voronezh Front n'agha na Hungary nwụnahụrụ ngụkọta nke ndị agha 28, gụnyere 044 gburu.

Agha ahụ rutere n'ókè Hungary - 1944.

Mgbe e meriri Don na Eprel 1943, ndị ọrụ ndị ọrụ Hungary zukọtara iji kwurịta ihe kpatara na nsonaazụ nke mmeri ahụ na Eastern Front. Ndị isi na ndị isi niile ghọtara na a ga-emerịrị atụmatụ maka nhazigharị na imeziwanye ndị agha, na ọkachasị ha lebara anya na mkpa ọ dị ịkwalite ngwa agha agha. Ma ọ bụghị ya, ndị Hungarian na-alụ ọgụ megide Red Army agaghị enwe obere ohere ịlụ ọgụ n'otu oge na tankị Soviet. Na ntụgharị nke 1943 na 1944, e wughachiri tankị Toldi I 80, kwadebere ya na egbe 40 mm ma tinyekwa efere ihe agha 35 mm ọzọ na ngwa agha ihu na efere akụkụ.

Egbe nke Zrinyi II nwere onwe ya nwere egbe 105 mm; 1943

Usoro izizi nke mmemme ahụ kwesịrị ịdịru ruo etiti afọ 1944 wee gụnye mmepe nke ụdị ụgbọ mmiri ọhụrụ - 41M Turán II nwere egbe 75 mm yana igwe ogbunigwe nke Zrinyi II nwere egbe 105 mm na-ebugharị onwe ya. Usoro nke abụọ ga-adịgide ruo 1945 na ngwaahịa ikpeazụ ya ga-abụ tank dị arọ nke mmepụta nke ya na, ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume, onye na-ebibi tankị (ihe a na-akpọ Tas M.44 mmemme). Nkeji nke abụọ amalitebeghị ike.

Mgbe e meriri Don na April 1, 1943, ndị Hungarian iwu malitere mejuputa nke atọ agha nhazi atụmatụ - "Node III". Egbe ọhụrụ 44M Zrini jiri aka ya were 43mm MAVAG 75M mgbochi tankị egbe, egbe 43M Zrini II jikwa 43mm MAVAG 105M howitzer. A ga-eji ngwá ọrụ a nke ngalaba ndị na-ebupụta onwe ha, bụ́ ndị ga-agụnye égbè Zrynya 21 na égbè Zryny II itoolu. Usoro nke mbụ bụ 40, nke abụọ 50.

E hiwere batalion mbụ na July 1943, mana ọ gụnyere tankị Toldi na Turan. Egbe ise nke mbụ Zriny II gbapụrụ n'ahịrị mgbakọ ahụ n'August. N'ihi obere mmepụta nke Zryni II, ọ bụ naanị ngalaba nke mbụ na nke 1 ka a kwadebere nke ọma, nke 10th wakporo egbe nwere egbe German StuG III G, na otu onye Hungary ọzọ natara German Hetzer egbe onwe ya. . Otú ọ dị, dị ka ọ dị n'ebe ndị agha Germany nọ, òtù ndị agha na-ebu agha bụ akụkụ nke ngwá agha ndị agha.

Hungarian, ọ bụghị ndị agha eji agha agha.

N'otu oge ahụ, ọ bịara doo anya na nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ ahụ nwere adịghị ike jikọtara ya na njedebe nhazi. Ya mere, e mere atụmatụ ịmegharị chassis nke tank nke Turan maka ntinye nke egbe 75-mm. Nke a bụ kpọmkwem otú e kwesịrị isi kee Turan III. E mekwara atụmatụ ịtụgharị Toldi ka ọ bụrụ onye na-emebi tankị site n'itinye egbe mgbochi tanki 40 mm Pak 75 nke German n'elu nnukwu ụlọ mepere emepe emepe emepe. Agbanyeghị, ọ nweghị ihe sitere na atụmatụ ndị a. N'ihi nke a, e depụtara Weiss Manfred dị ka onye ga-azụlite ma tinye n'ime mmepụta ihe nlereanya ọhụrụ nke tank tank, yana égbè nke na-eme onwe ya dabere na ya. Ndị na-eme atụmatụ na ndị na-emepụta ihe na-adabere na atụmatụ German - tank Panther na Jagdpanther tank.

Otu ndị agha Hungarian, ndị tankị Toldi na-akwado, gafere osimiri ahụ n'akụkụ àkwà mmiri mebiri emebi; 1944

Ekwesịrị iji tankị Tas nke Hungarian were egbe egbe ndị Hungarian mere, ka ọ bụrụ ụdị egbe Panther, na egbe nke na-ebugharị onwe ya kwesịrị iji egbe nke 88mm, otu nke ahụ ji egbe. tank nke German Tiger. . Ebibiri ụdị ụgbọ mmiri Tas emechara n'oge ogbunigwe US ​​na July 27, 1944 ma etinyeghị ya n'ọrụ.

Ọbụna tupu Hungary abanye n'ọgbọ agha na n'oge agha ahụ, gọọmenti na ndị agha Hungary gbalịrị ịnweta ikike n'aka ndị Germany iji mepụta tankị ọgbara ọhụrụ. Na 1939-1940, e mere mkparịta ụka ịzụta ikike maka PzKpfw IV, ma ndị Germany achọghị ikwenye na nke a. N'afọ 1943, otu onye Germany jikọrọ aka n'ikpeazụ nyere ikike inye ụdị ụgbọ mmiri a. Ndị Hungary ghọtara na nke a bụ igwe a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, "ịnyịnya ọrụ nke Panzerwaffe," mana ha weere na ọ bụ ihe ochie. Na nke ugbu a, ha jụrụ. Na nloghachi, ha nwara inweta ikike imepụta tankị ọhụrụ, Panther, mana o nweghị isi.

Naanị na ọkara mbụ nke 1944, mgbe ọnọdụ dị n'ihu gbanwere nke ukwuu, ndị Germany kwetara ire akwụkwọ ikike maka tankị Panther, ma na nloghachi ha chọrọ nchikota astronomical nke 120 nde ringgit (ihe dị ka nde penge 200). Ebe enwere ike imepụta tankị ndị a nọkwa na-enwewanye nsogbu. N'ihu na-abịaru nso n'ókè ndị Hungary kwa ụbọchị. N'ihi nke a, ndị agha Hungarian ga-adabere na ngwá ọrụ na ngwá ọrụ ha nke ndị Germany jikọrọ aka nyere.

Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, kemgbe March 1944, a na-eji nkewa batrị atọ nke egbe ndị na-ebugharị onwe ha na-ewusi ike nkewa nke ndị agha oge niile (n'agbanyeghị ọnụnọ nke ụgbọ ala agha na-agba ọsọ na battalion reconnaissance).

Ndị agha Hungarian na-eji tankị Turan II eme ihe mgbe ha na-ala azụ; mgbụsị akwụkwọ 1944

Ọ dịghị mgbe Hungary na-ekere òkè n'agha bụ ihe ewu ewu karịsịa n'etiti ọha na eze. Ya mere Regent Horthy malitere mkparịta ụka nzuzo ya na ndị mmekọ iji wepụ agha na-arịwanye elu na-ewu ewu ma bịanye aka na udo nkewa. Berlin chọpụtara ọrụ ndị a, na Operation Margaret malitere na Machị 19, 1944. A kpọchiri Admiral Horthy n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ndị ọchịchị na-akpa ike weghaara ọchịchị na mba ahụ. N'otu oge ahụ, e mechara mmepụta nke tankị maka ndị agha Hungary. N'okpuru nrụgide German, iwu Hungarian zigara ndị agha 150 na ndị isi nke 000st Army (ọchịagha: General Lajos Veress von Dalnoki) iji gbanye oghere dị n'ihu ihu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke bilitere na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Ukraine, n'okpuru ụkwụ Carpathians. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke Army Group Northern Ukraine (ọchịagha: Field Marshal Walter Model).

Ndị Jamanị malitere ịhazigharị ndị agha Hungary. E kụsara isi ụlọ ọrụ dị elu, malitekwa imepụta ngalaba nchekwa ọhụrụ. N'ozuzu, na 1944-1945, ndị Germany nyere Hungary tankị 72 PzKpfw IV H (52 na 1944 na 20 na 1945), 50 StuG III G wakporo egbe (1944), 75 Hetzer tankị (1944-1945), nakwa. dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke tankị Pantera Gs, nke nwere ike ịbụ asaa (ikekwe ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ), na Tygrys, nke ụgbọ ala ndị Hungary nwere ike nweta 13. Ọ bụ ekele maka inye ngwá agha ndị German na-ebu agha na ike ọgụ nke nkewa nke mbụ na nke abụọ na-abawanye. Na mgbakwunye na tankị nke imewe nke onwe ha, Turan I na Turan II, a kwadebere ha na German PzKpfw III M na PzKpfw IV H. Ndị Hungary mekwara nkewa egbe nke asatọ nke onwe ya na German StuG III na Hungarian Zrinyi. egbe.

Ná mmalite nke 1944, ndị Hungarian agha nwere 66 Toldi I na II tankị na 63 Toldi IIa tankị. E zigara Hungarian 1st Cavalry Division ka ọ lụso ndị otu nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Poland ọgụ, mana kama ọ ga-egbochi mwakpo Red Army n'oge ọrụ Bagration dị ka akụkụ nke Army Group Center. Mgbe ha na-esi na Kletsk laghachi na Brest-on-Bug, nkewa ahụ furu efu 84 Turan na 5 Toldi tankị. Ndị Germany ji batrị Marder kwalite nkewa ahụ wee ziga ya na mpaghara Warsaw. Na September 1944, e zigara 1st Cavalry Division na Hungary ma 1st Hussar nọchiri ya.

Ụgbọ mmiri Turan II bụ nke 2nd Hungarian Armored Division; 1944

Ndị agha nke mbụ ezigara n'ihu gụnyekwara 1nd Panzer Division (ọchịagha: Colonel Ferenc Ostawitz) na nke ọhụrụ 2st Assault Gun Division. N'oge na-adịghị mgbe ọ bịarutere n'ihu, 1nd Panzer Division malitere ịwakpo ndị Soviet iji nweta ọnọdụ nchebe dị mma. N'oge agha maka ọnọdụ a kọwara dị ka ebe nchekwa 2, ndị Hungarian Turan agha na Soviet T-514/34 tankị. Mwakpo nke ndị agha Hungary malitere n'ehihie nke Eprel 85. N'oge na-adịghị anya, tankị ndị Hungarian Turan II na T-17/34s na-agba ọsọ na-enyere ndị agha Soviet aka. Ndị Hungary jisiri ike ibibi abụọ n'ime ha, ndị ọzọ laghachiri azụ. Ruo mgbede nke Eprel 85, ndị agha nkewa ahụ gara n'ihu n'ọtụtụ ụzọ n'obodo Nadvorna, Solotvina, Delatin na Kolomyia. Ha na 18th Infantry Division jisiri ike ruo Stanislavov-Nadvorna ụgbọ okporo ígwè.

N'agbanyeghị nguzogide siri ike sitere na Soviet 351st na 70th Infantry Divisions, nke tankị ole na ole sitere na 27th na 8th Armored Brigades kwadoro na mmalite nke mwakpo ahụ, Hungarian 18th Reserve Division weghaara Tysmenicza. Nke abụọ Mountain Brigade nwetakwara ihe ịga nke ọma, na-eweghachite Delatin nke furu efu na nku aka nri. N'April 2, ebe ha meriri agha tank maka Nadvirnaya, ndị Hungary chụpụrụ ma laghachi azụ na ndagwurugwu Prut na Kolomyia. Otú ọ dị, ha emeghị ka obodo ahụ siri ike gbachitere anya. Uru Soviet dị oke oke. Ọzọkwa, n'April 18, 20th Rifle Division gafere na mmiri nke Bystritsa fụrụ akpụ wee kpochie ndị agha Soviet na obere akpa na Ottyn. E jidere ndị agha 16, e jidere egbe 500 na egbe 30; Ebibiri T-17/34 asaa ọzọ n'agha. Ndị Hungary tụfuru naanị otu narị mmadụ. Agbanyeghị, njem ha kwụsịrị na Kolomyia.

N'April 1944, Captain M. József Barankay nyere iwu 1st Assault Gun Battalion, onye egbe Zrinya II mere nke ọma. N'April 22, ndị tankị nke 16th Tank Brigade wakporo 27th Rifle Division. Egbe ndị ji onwe ha banye n'agha ahụ, bibie tankị 17 T-34/85 ma kwe ka ndị agha ahụ weghara Helbicin-Lesny.

Egbe nke onwe ya "Zrinyi II" na ndị agha na-eche nche; mbubreyo okpomọkụ 1944

Mwakpo nke April nke 1st Army rụzuru ọrụ ya bụ isi - ịkwatu ndị agha Soviet. Nke a mekwara ka Red Army tinyekwuo nkeji na mpaghara Kolomyia. E weghachiri n'ihu n'ihu ahịrị. Agbanyeghị, ọnụ ahịa ndị agha mbụ kwụrụ maka nke a dị elu. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa maka 1nd Panzer Division, nke furu efu tankị Turán I asatọ, tankị Turan II, tankị Toldi anọ, egbe Nimrod anọ na-agba onwe ya na ụgbọ ala Csaba abụọ. Ọtụtụ tankị ndị ọzọ mebiri ma ọ bụ mebie ma weghachi ya maka ịrụzi ya. Nkewa ahụ tụfuru 2% nke tankị ya ogologo oge. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Hungary nwere ike ijide tankị ndị iro 80 mebiri emebi, ọtụtụ n'ime ha T-27/34 na opekata mpe otu M85 Sherman. Otú ọ dị, Ngalaba Panzer nke abụọ enweghị ike ijide Kolomyia ọbụna na nkwado nke ndị agha Hungary ndị ọzọ.

Ya mere, a haziri ọnụ ọnụ nke ndị agha Hungarian na German, nke malitere n'abalị nke April 26-27 wee dịruo ruo May 2, 1944. Ndị agha ụgbọ mmiri dị arọ nke 73, nke onye ọchịagha nyere iwu, sonyere na ya. Rolf Fromme. Na mgbakwunye na tankị German, Squadron nke 19 nke Lieutenant Erwin Shieldey (nke sitere na ụlọ ọrụ 503rd nke 2nd Battalion nke 3rd Armored Regiment) sonyere na agha ahụ, nke nwere tankị Turán II asaa. Mgbe ọgụ ahụ kwụsịrị na Mee 1, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, nke gụnyere squadron nke atọ, wepụrụ n'azụ na nso Nadvirna.

Agha nke Panzer Division nke abụọ sitere na Eprel 2 ruo Mee 17, 13 ruru: 1944 gburu, 184 na-efu na 112 merụrụ ahụ. Ndị agha nke atọ Motorized Rifle Regiment nwetara nnukwu mfu; 999 ndị agha na ndị isi agha ka ewepụrụ na nhazi ya. Obi ike nke ndị ha na ha na-emekọ ihe masịrị ndị ọchịagha ndị Germany bụ́ ndị na-alụso òtù ndị agha Hungary agha. Nkwenye ahụ ga-abụrịrị ezi obi, ebe ọ bụ na Marshal Walter Model, onye isi ndị agha nke Northern Ukraine, nyere iwu ka ebufe ngwá ọrụ na 3nd Panzer Division, gụnyere ọtụtụ egbe StuG III, 1000 PzKpfw IV H tank na 2 Tigers (mgbe e mesịrị e nwere atọ. Ọzọ). Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Hungary nwetara ọzụzụ dị mkpirikpi na ha n'azụ nke Eastern Front. Ndị tankị ahụ gara ụlọ ọrụ nke atọ nke batali nke mbụ. Nke ikpeazụ dị na Squadron nke abụọ nke Lieutenant Erwin Shielday na Squadron nke atọ nke Captain S. Janos Vedresse.

Agụ tankị kwụsịrị na nkeji a maka ihe kpatara ya. Shields, otu ace nke ndị agha Hungaria, nwere ụgbọ agha ndị iro iri na ise bibiri na egbe iri na abụọ nke mgbochi tankị. Ụlọ ọrụ ya nwetakwara tankị Pantera, PzKpfw IV na Turán II. Lieutenant bụ onye mbụ duru ndị agha ya na Agụ ise banye na mwakpo ahụ. Na Mee 15, Ngalaba Panzer nke abụọ nwere tankị Panther atọ na tankị Tiger anọ na-echekwa. Ndị Panthers nọ na Battalion nke abụọ nke Rejimenti tankị nke iri abụọ na atọ. Ka ọ na-erule May 15, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ikpeazụ mụbara ruo 2. Na June, "Tigers" esoghị na nkewa. Naanị na Julaị 2, tankị isii nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ụdị a pụtaghachiri, na Julaị 23, asaa. N'otu ọnwa ahụ, e nyere ndị Hungarian atọ ọzọ Tigers, na-ebute ọnụ ọgụgụ ụgbọ ala ndị Germany nyere na 26. Ruo izu nke abụọ nke July, ndị ọrụ nke Hungarian Tigers jisiri ike ibibi T-10 / 11 anọ, ọtụtụ. egbe mgbochi tankị, ma wepụkwa ọtụtụ bunkers na ebe nchekwa ngwa agha. Ọgbaghara nọ n'ọnọdụ gara n'ihu.

Na July, a na-etinye ndị agha 1st na Carpathians, na Yavornik massif, n'ebe dị mkpa tupu Tatarka Pass na Gorgany. N'agbanyeghị nkwado mba ahụ mgbe niile, ọ nweghị ike ijide ọbụna akụkụ 150 kilomita nke ihu ọwụwa anyanwụ, nke dị mkpụmkpụ maka ọnọdụ nke Eastern Front. Mwakpo nke 1st Ukrainian Front kwagara Lvov na Sandomierz. Na July 23, Red Army malitere ịwakpo ndị Hungarian. Mgbe ụbọchị atọ nke ọgụ kpụ ọkụ n’ọnụ gasịrị, ndị Hungary aghaghị ịlaghachi azụ. Ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, na mpaghara isi okporo ụzọ na-eduga n'obodo Nadvorna, otu n'ime Hungarian "Tigers" bibiri kọlụm Soviet ma mee mwakpo n'onwe ya, mgbe ọ bibiri tankị ndị iro asatọ, ọtụtụ egbe. na ọtụtụ ụgbọ ala. Enyere onye ogbunigwe nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Istvan Lavrenchik ihe nrite ọla edo "Maka obi ike". Ndị ọrụ Agụ ndị ọzọ nagidekwara ya.

Ntụle nke tankị Turan II na ọrụ tankị M.44 Tas dị arọ; 1945

Mwakpo nke ndị Hungarian Tigers n'ebe ugwu Cherneev wepụrụ ihe ize ndụ dị na Stanislavov, ma ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ ruo ugbu a. N’echi ya, bụ́ Julaị 24, ndị agha Soviet wakporo ọzọ ma wakpoo ihe nchebe. Mwakpo ndị Hungarian Tigers emeghị obere ihe iji nyere aka. Onye isi ụlọ ọrụ 3. Miklós Matthiasi, onye na-enweghị ike ime ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụghị ịkwụsịlata ọganihu Soviet ma kpuchie nlọghachi nke ya. Lieutenant Shielday wee nweta mmeri ya kachasị ama na Battle of Hill 514 na nso obodo Staurnia. Agụ ahụ, onye ọchịagha ndị agha ahụ nyere iwu, ya na ụgbọ ọzọ nke ụdị a, bibiri ụgbọ ala ndị iro iri na anọ n'ihe na-erughị ọkara awa. Mwakpo Soviet, nke gara n'ihu ruo ụbọchị mbụ nke August, manyere ndị Hungarian ịlaghachi azụ na Hunyade line (akụkụ North Carpathian nke ókèala Hungary). Ndị agha Hungaria furu efu ndị isi na ndị agha 14 n'agha ndị a.

gburu, merụrụ ahụ na-efu.

Mgbe ngalaba German abụọ gbasiri ike, a na-ejide ahịrị nchebe n'agbanyeghị mwakpo ndị iro ugboro ugboro, ọkachasị Duklinsky Pass. N'oge agha ndị a, ndị ọrụ Hungary ga-agbawa Agụ asaa n'ihi nsogbu nkà na ụzụ na enweghị ike ịrụzi ha n'oge mgbagha ahụ. Naanị tankị atọ akwadoro ọgụ ka ewepụrụ. Akụkọ nke August nke 2nd Panzer Division kwuru na ọ dịghị otu Tiger dị njikere ịlụ ọgụ n'oge ahụ; naanị otu ndetu kwuru banyere tankị atọ nke ụdị a nke na-adịbeghị njikere na enweghị Panthers ọ bụla. Nke a pụtaghị na nke ikpeazụ adịghị adị ma ọlị. Na Septemba 14, egosiri Panthers ise ọzọ na ọnọdụ njikere ọgụ. Na Septemba 30, e belatara ọnụ ọgụgụ a ka ọ bụrụ abụọ.

Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri German na ndị Hungary na nso ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Tiger dị arọ nke ndị agha Hungarian; 1944

Mgbe Romania sonyeere USSR na August 23, 1944, ọnọdụ maka ndị Hungaria bịara sie ike karị. A manyere ndị agha Hungarian ka ha na-achịkọta nke ọma ma malite ọtụtụ ọgụ megide ndị agha Romania iji jide ahịrị Carpathian. Na Septemba 5, ngalaba Panzer nke abụọ sonyere na agha ndị Romania na nso obodo Torda. Na 2 August, 9rd tank Regiment nke 3nd Panzer Division ji 2 Toldi I, 14 Turan I, 40 Turan II, 14 PzKpfw III M, 10 PzKpfw IV H, 10 StuG III G mwakpo egbe na XNUMX Tiger tankị. A tụlere atọ ọzọ erughị eru maka ọgụ.

Na September, na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nkewa na squadron Lieutenant Shildai nwere Panther tank, ma ọ dịghị Tiger. Mgbe nwụnahụrụ Agụ niile, tumadi n'ihi teknuzu ihe na enweghị mmanụ ụgbọala mgbe ekpuchi ichighaazu nke Hungarian nkeji, ọ na-ọnọ Panthers. N'October, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Panthers mụbara site na otu tank ruo atọ. Ejikwa ụgbọ ala ndị a nke ọma. Ndị ọrụ ha, n'iji obere ọzụzụ, jisiri ike bibie tankị Soviet 16, egbe mgbochi 23, nnukwu egbe egbe 20, ma meriekwa ndị agha abụọ na-agba ọsọ na batrị nke ngwa agha roket. Ụgbọ mmiri Shildi kụrụ ụfọdụ égbè ozugbo mgbe ha na-esi n'ahịrị ndị Soviet gbaba. Nkeji Panzer nke 1 sonyere na agha maka Arad site na Septemba 13 ruo 8 October. Ka ọ na-erule etiti Septemba, ndị agha Red Army banyere n'ọgụ a dị n'ihu.

Ná ngwụsị nke Septemba 1944, Hungary, bụ́ ihe mgbochi ikpeazụ na ókèala ndịda Germany, hụrụ onwe ya n'ihe iyi egwu kpọmkwem site n'ọganihu Red Army sitere n'akụkụ atọ. Mgbụsị akwụkwọ Soviet-Romanian mkparị, n'agbanyeghị na-eji niile mee ihe site Hungarians, ọ bụghị rapaara na Carpathians. N'oge agha kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ dị nso Arad (September 25 - October 8), Hungarian 1st Panzer Division, na nkwado nke 7th Assault Gun Division, bibiri ihe karịrị 100 Soviet agha ụgbọ ala. Ndị na-arụ ọrụ egbe mwakpo nke battalion nwere ike inye tankị 67 T-34/85, na ụgbọ ala iri na abụọ ọzọ nke ụdị a ka edekọtara ka mebiri emebi ma ọ bụ ikekwe bibie.

Ngalaba Marshal Malinovsky gafere ókè-ala Hungarian na October 5, 1944. N’echi ya, ndị agha Soviet ise, gụnyere otu tankị, wakporo Budapest. Ndị agha Hungaria welitere nguzogide siri ike. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge mgbagha na Osimiri Tisza, batrị nke 7th Assault Gun Battalion, Lieutenant Sándor Söke, nke obere ndị agha na-ahụ maka ndị agha na ndị uweojii na-akwado, merụrụ nnukwu ndị agha ahụ ma bibie ma ọ bụ weghara T-34/ . tankị 85, egbe SU-85 nke onwe ya, egbe mgbochi atọ, ngwa agha anọ, egbe igwe dị arọ 10, ndị na-ebugharị 51 na gwongworo, ụgbọ ala 10 na-apụ apụ.

Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị na-arụ ọrụ égbè na-enwe obi ike n'agbanyeghị na e nweghị nchebe nke ihe agha ụgbọ ala ha. Ndị tankị anọ sitere na ngalaba egbe mwakpo nke iri n'okpuru iwu Kpr. József Buzsáki mere njem n'azụ ndị iro, ebe ọ nọrọ ihe karịrị otu izu. Ha chịkọtara ihe ọmụma bara oké uru banyere ndị agha na atụmatụ ndị iro, ha nile nwụnahụrụ otu onye. Agbanyeghị, ihe ịga nke ọma mpaghara enweghị ike ịgbanwe ọnọdụ dara ogbenye n'ozuzu n'ihu.

N'ọkara nke abụọ nke ọnwa Ọktoba, ndị Nazi Hungary sitere na pati Arrow Cross (Nyilaskeresztesek - Hungarian National Socialist Party) nke Ferenc Szálas bịara ọchịchị na Hungary. Ha nyere iwu ozugbo ka a kpọkọta ndị mmadụ n’ozuzu ha ma mee ka mkpagbu a na-akpagbu ndị Juu, bụ́ ndị nweburu nnwere onwe. Ndị nwoke niile nọ n'agbata afọ 12 na 70 ka a kpọrọ ka ha gaa agha. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ndị Hungary debere ngalaba ọhụrụ anọ n'aka ndị Germany. E ji nke nta nke nta belata ndị agha Hungarian oge niile, dịkwa ka isi ụlọ ọrụ nke ngalaba. N'otu oge ahụ, e hiwere ngalaba German-Hungarian agwakọta ọhụrụ. Agbasara isi ụlọ ọrụ dị elu wee malite ịmepụta ngalaba nchekwa ọhụrụ.

N'October 10-14, 1944, ndị agha Fretter-Picot (German 2th na Hungarian 6rd Army), ọkachasị ndị agha nke 3st Hussars, nke mbụ na-aga na Debrecen, ndị agha ịnyịnya nke General Piev sitere na 1nd Ukrainian Front, na-aga n'ihu na Debrecen. Ngalaba Armored. nkewa na 1th Infantry Division. Ndị agha ndị a tụfuru Nyiregyhaza na 20 Ọktoba, mana eweghachiri obodo ahụ na 22 Ọktoba. Ndị Hungary zigara nkeji niile dị n'ihu. Ndị na-agbake onwe ha wepụtara onwe ha ichekwa ala nna ha, dịka onye agha Hungarian nwere mmerụ ahụ Lieutenant Erwin Shielday siri ọnwụ na ọ ga-anọgide na squadron. N'October 26, ndịda Tisapolgar, ngalaba ya, ma ọ bụ ya onwe ya nọ n'isi, na mgbagha bibiri tankị T-25/34 na egbe abụọ nke onwe, ma bibie ma ọ bụ weghara egbe isii mgbochi tank na ngwa agha atọ. . Ụbọchị ise ka e mesịrị, ndị squadron, ka nọ n'otu mpaghara ahụ, ndị agha Red Army gbara ya gburugburu n'abalị. Otú ọ dị, o jisiri ike gbapụ n'ebe ahụ gbara ya gburugburu. Ndị tankị ndị Hungary na egbe mwakpo, bụ́ ndị ndị agha ji ụkwụ na-akwado, bibiri otu batalion ndị agha Soviet n'agha n'agha dị larịị. N'oge agha a, Pantera Shieldaya nwere egbe mgbochi tankị site n'ebe dị anya nke naanị 85 m. Tankị ahụ lanarịrị ihe a kụrụ na ya wee gbuo egbe ahụ. N'ịga n'ihu na mkpasu iwe ahụ, ndị Hungaria tụrụ batrị ogbunigwe Soviet anya na njem ahụ wee bibie ya.

Mwakpo a na Budapest bụ nnukwu atụmatụ na mgbasa ozi dị mkpa maka Stalin. Mwakpo ahụ malitere na October 30, 1944, na na November 4, ọtụtụ ogidi ndị agha Soviet rutere ná mpụga isi obodo Hungary. Otú ọ dị, mgbalị e mere iji weghara obodo ahụ ngwa ngwa kụrụ afọ n'ala. Ndị German na ndị Hungary, na-eji oge ezumike, gbasaa usoro nchebe ha. Na Disemba 4, ndị agha Soviet na-aga n'ebe ndịda rutere n'Ọdọ Mmiri Balaton, n'azụ isi obodo Hungary. N'oge a, Marshal Malinovsky wakporo obodo ahụ site n'ebe ugwu.

E kenyere ngalaba Hungarian na German ichekwa isi obodo Hungarian. Ndị agha Budapest bụ ndị SS Obergruppenführer Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch nyere iwu. Ndị isi Hungarian bụ: I Corps (1st Armored Division, 10th Infantry Division (Combined), 12th Reserve Infantry Division na 20th Infantry Division), Artillery Assault Combat Team Bilnitzer (ụgbọ ala agha nke mbụ Battalion, 1th, 6th na 8th Assault Artillery Battalions) , 9st Hussar Division (ụfọdụ nkeji) na 1st, 1th na 7th Assault Artillery Battalions. Mwakpo egbe na-akwado ndị na-agbachitere ya na ndị uwe ojii na-alụ ọgụ ndị maara obodo ahụ nke ọma ma nwee oghere L10/3 n'aka ha. Ngalaba German nke ndị agha Budapest bụ isi IX SS Mountain Corps. Ndị agha 35 gbara ya gburugburu.

Naanị otu isi agha ndị Hungary ka na-arụ ọrụ bụ ngalaba Panzer nke abụọ. Ọ lụrụ ọgụ n'ihu ọdịda anyanwụ Budapest, n'Ugwu Vertes. N’oge na-adịghị anya, ọ ga-akwaga ebe ahụ iji zọpụta obodo ahụ. Nkewa ndị agha German gbakwara ọsọ ọsọ gbata. Hitler kpebiri ịdọrọ 2 SS Panzer Corps na mpaghara Warsaw ma ziga ya n'ihu Hungarian. A ga-ejikọta ya na SS Panzer Corps nke iri abụọ. Ebumnobi ha bụ ịkpọghee obodo ahụ a nọchibidoro. N'ọnwa Jenụwarị, ndị SS Panzer Corps nke iri abụọ gbalịrị ugboro atọ ịbanye n'isi obodo Hungarian gbara gburugburu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Budapest.

Mwakpo mbụ malitere n'abalị nke January 2, 1945 na mpaghara Dunalmas - Banchida. E bugara SS Panzer Corps nke isii site na nkwado nke General Hermann Balck's 6rd Army, ngụkọta nke ngalaba panzer asaa na ngalaba moto abụọ, gụnyere ndị isi 3th SS Panzer Division Totenkopf na 5nd SS Panzer Division. Viking, yana Hungarian 2st Panzer Division, nke ndị agha abụọ nke Tiger II tankị siri ike kwadoro. Ndị agha ahụ gbawara ngwa ngwa n'ihu nke 31th Guards Rifle Corps chebere wee banye n'ime nchekwa nchekwa nke 4th Guards Army ruo omimi nke 27-31 km. Ọnọdụ nsogbu ebilitela. A hapụrụ ebe nchekwa mgbochi tank na-enweghị nkwado ndị agha ma bụrụ nke gbara ya gburugburu ma ọ bụ kpamkpam. Mgbe ndị Germany rutere n'ógbè Tatabanya, e nwere ezigbo ihe iyi egwu nke ọganihu ha na Budapest. Ndị Soviet tụbara nkewa ndị ọzọ n'ime mwakpo ahụ, jiri tankị 210, egbe 1305 na ngwa agha kwado ha. N'ihi nke a, ka ọ na-erule mgbede nke January nke 5, a kwụsịrị ọgụ German.

N'ịbụ onye dara na mpaghara nke 31st Guards Rifle Corps, iwu German kpebiri ịbanye na Budapest site na ọnọdụ nke 20th Guards Rifle Corps. N'ihi nke a, abụọ SS tank nkewa na akụkụ nke Hungarian 2nd Panzer Division ka etinyere. N'uhuruchi nke Jenụwarị 7, mwakpo German-Hungarian malitere. N'agbanyeghị na ọ kpataara ndị agha Soviet nnukwu mfu, karịsịa n'ụgbọ ala ndị agha, mgbalị niile e mere iji hapụ isi obodo Hungary kwụsịrị na ọdịda. Ndị agha otu Balk jisiri ike weghara naanị obodo Székesfehérvár. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 22, ọ rutere Danube ma erughị kilomita 30 site na Budapest.

Ndị agha Group South, nọ n'ọnọdụ kemgbe December 1944, gụnyere: German 8th Army na ugwu Transdanubia; Ndị agha Balk (Ndị agha 6th German na Hungarian 2nd Corps) n'ebe ugwu nke Ọdọ Balaton; 2nd Tank Army na-akwado 1945th Hungarian Corps na ndịda nke Transdanubia. Na Army Group Balk, German LXXII Army Corps busoro St. Laszlo Division na ihe fọdụrụ nke 6th Armored Division. Na February 20, ndị agha SS Panzer nke iri na ise na-akwado ndị agha ndị a, nke nwere ngalaba panzer atọ. Battalion egbe mwakpo nke iri abụọ n'okpuru iwu nke Major. József Henkey-Hing bụ ngalaba ikpeazụ nke ụdị a na ndị agha Hungarian. Ọ sonyeere na Operation Spring Awakening na ndị na-emebi tank Hetzer 15. Dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ a, ndị agha ndị a ga-eweghachite nchịkwa nke ebe mmanụ Hungary.

N'etiti March 1945, e meriri Germany ikpeazụ iwe na Lake Balaton. Red Army nọ na-emecha mmeri ha meriri Hungary. Ndị agha ya ka elu tiwara site na nchekwa Hungarian na German na ugwu Vertes, na-akwaga German 6th SS Panzer Army n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. N'ịbụ onye siri ike, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịpụpụ isi mmiri German-Hungarian na Gran, nke ndị agha nke 3rd Army kwadoro. N'etiti March, Army Group South gara n'ihu na-agbachitere: 8th Army were ọnọdụ n'ebe ugwu nke Danube, na Army Group Balk, esịnede 6th Army na 6th Army, were ọnọdụ na ndịda ya na ngalaba kwupụta Lake Balaton. Tank Army SS, yana ndị fọdụrụ nke Hungarian 3rd Army. Ndịda Ọdọ Mmiri Balaton, ndị otu ndị agha nke abụọ nke tankị nwere ọnọdụ. N'ụbọchị ndị agha Soviet malitere ịwakpo Vienna, isi ọnọdụ German na Hungarian dị na omimi nke 2 ruo 5 km.

Na isi ntụziaka nke Red Army na-akpasu iwe e nwere nkeji nke 23rd Hungarian Corps na 711 German SS Panzer Corps, nke gụnyere: 96th Hungarian Infantry Division, 1st na 6th Infantry Divisions, 3rd Hungarian Hussar Division, 5th Panzer Division. , 2nd SS Panzer Division Totenkopf, 94th SS Wiking Panzer Division na 1231st Hungarian Panzer Division, nakwa dị ka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nta ndị agha na agha dị iche iche, na-emekarị ihe fọdụrụ nke ndị mbụ e bibiri n'agha nke nkeji. Ndị agha a nwere ndị agha na-agba ọsọ na narị abụọ na iri asaa nwere egbe na ngwa agha 270. Ndị German na ndị Hungary nwekwara tankị XNUMX na egbe na-ebugharị onwe ha.

Na Machị 16, 1945, Red Army meriri ndị agha nke 46th Army, 4th na 9th Guard Armies, bụ ndị kwesịrị ịbịaru Danube nso n'obodo Esztergom ngwa ngwa. Nhazi arụmọrụ nke abụọ a nwere ndị ọrụ na akụrụngwa zuru oke ka emepụtara ka ọ gbuo nkeji nke 431st SS Panzer Corps na mpaghara n'etiti obodo Szekesfehervar na Cakbereny. Dị ka data Soviet si kwuo, ndị ozu ahụ nwere egbe 2 na ihe mgbochi. Otu agha ya dị ka ndị a: na nku aka ekpe bụ 5th Hungarian Panzer Division (nkewa 4, batrị ogbunigwe 16 na tankị Turan II), n'etiti bụ SS Panzer Division Tontenkopf nke ise, na n'aka nri bụ tankị 3th. Nkewa. SS Panzer Nkewa "Wiking". Dị ka nkwado, ndị ozu ahụ nwetara 5th Assault Brigade na egbe 325 na ọtụtụ ngalaba enyemaka ndị ọzọ.

Na Machị 16, 1945, 2nd na 3rd Ukrainian Fronts wakporo 6th SS Panzer Army na Balk Army Group, weghaara Szombathely na March 29, na Sopron na Eprel 1. N'abalị nke Mach 21-22, mwakpo Soviet gafere Danube mebiri ahịrị nchebe nke ndị Germany na ndị Hungary na ahịrị Balaton-Lake Velences, dị nso na Esztergom. Ọ tụgharịrị na ndị Hungarian 2nd Panzer Division nwere nnukwu mfu site na ọkụ ogbunigwe ajọ ifufe. Ndị agha ya enweghị ike ijide ọnọdụ ha, ndị agha Red Army na-aga n'ihu jisiri ike weghara obodo Cacbereni n'ụzọ dị mfe. Ndị agha nchekwa German gbatara ọsọ enyemaka, mana o nweghị isi. Ha dị obere iji kwụsị agha Soviet ọbụna ruo nwa oge. Naanị akụkụ ya ụfọdụ gbanarị nsogbu ahụ na nnukwu ihe isi ike na ọbụna nnukwu mfu. Dị ka ndị agha Hungarian na ndị Germany ndị ọzọ, ha gawara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Ndị agha Balk rutere ókèala Austria na Eprel 12, ebe ọ malitere n'oge na-adịghị anya.